Population · Europe
Estonia population 2026
Right now · estimate
Estonia population right now
1,328,624
- Births today
- 0
- Deaths today
- 0
- Births this year
- 8,522
- Births minus deaths this year
- -5,325
Estonia has an estimated 1,331,062 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 13,170 fewer than a year earlier (−0.98%). It is the 158th most populous country in the world. Its population peaked in 1990 at 1.6 million and is projected to fall to 1.2 million by 2050.
UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.
Estonia in numbers, 2026
- Births in 2026
- 10 thousand 28 a day
- Deaths in 2026
- 17 thousand 45 a day
- Net migration
- −716 more departures than arrivals
- Growth rate
- −0.53% shrinking
- Fertility rate
- 1.38per woman below replacement (2.1)
- Median age
- 43.2years world: 31.1
- Life expectancy
- 79.6years
- Aged 65 and over
- 22.3% 29.8% by 2050
Land, people and health
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Area
- 45,226 km² 132nd largest of 237
- Population density
- 31per km² 186th most crowded
- Urban population
- 70.7% 70.9% by 2050
- Men and women
- 634 thousand / 697 thousand 91.0 men per 100 women
- Life expectancy, women
- 83.4years men: 75.6 years
- Infant mortality
- 1.6per 1,000 births under-5: 2.1
- Birth rate
- 7.6per 1,000 death rate: 12.4
- Net migration rate
- −0.5per 1,000 net departures
Population of Estonia, 1950–2100
Peaked in 1990 at 1.6 million. By 2050: 1.2 million (−11.8% from today).
- UN estimate
- UN projection
826k 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 1,102,042 |
| 1951 | 1,116,198 |
| 1952 | 1,129,876 |
| 1953 | 1,142,640 |
| 1954 | 1,154,804 |
| 1955 | 1,166,871 |
| 1956 | 1,178,171 |
| 1957 | 1,188,778 |
| 1958 | 1,200,406 |
| 1959 | 1,209,939 |
| 1960 | 1,220,453 |
| 1961 | 1,235,168 |
| 1962 | 1,249,624 |
| 1963 | 1,263,756 |
| 1964 | 1,278,340 |
| 1965 | 1,292,804 |
| 1966 | 1,306,438 |
| 1967 | 1,320,053 |
| 1968 | 1,334,299 |
| 1969 | 1,348,702 |
| 1970 | 1,361,866 |
| 1971 | 1,374,514 |
| 1972 | 1,387,212 |
| 1973 | 1,399,342 |
| 1974 | 1,411,547 |
| 1975 | 1,423,504 |
| 1976 | 1,434,871 |
| 1977 | 1,446,564 |
| 1978 | 1,458,224 |
| 1979 | 1,468,023 |
| 1980 | 1,476,463 |
| 1981 | 1,485,339 |
| 1982 | 1,494,908 |
| 1983 | 1,505,237 |
| 1984 | 1,515,610 |
| 1985 | 1,525,280 |
| 1986 | 1,535,593 |
| 1987 | 1,547,254 |
| 1988 | 1,559,097 |
| 1989 | 1,567,588 |
| 1990 | 1,570,303 |
| 1991 | 1,565,383 |
| 1992 | 1,540,212 |
| 1993 | 1,504,342 |
| 1994 | 1,475,714 |
| 1995 | 1,452,777 |
| 1996 | 1,434,651 |
| 1997 | 1,421,496 |
| 1998 | 1,411,203 |
| 1999 | 1,403,578 |
| 2000 | 1,396,997 |
| 2001 | 1,388,171 |
| 2002 | 1,379,435 |
| 2003 | 1,370,850 |
| 2004 | 1,362,676 |
| 2005 | 1,354,848 |
| 2006 | 1,346,880 |
| 2007 | 1,340,705 |
| 2008 | 1,337,074 |
| 2009 | 1,334,528 |
| 2010 | 1,331,448 |
| 2011 | 1,327,358 |
| 2012 | 1,322,616 |
| 2013 | 1,317,919 |
| 2014 | 1,314,452 |
| 2015 | 1,314,576 |
| 2016 | 1,315,849 |
| 2017 | 1,317,425 |
| 2018 | 1,321,965 |
| 2019 | 1,326,822 |
| 2020 | 1,329,669 |
| 2021 | 1,331,749 |
| 2022 | 1,350,092 |
| 2023 | 1,367,196 |
| 2024 * | 1,360,546 |
| 2025 * | 1,344,232 |
| 2026 * | 1,331,062 |
| 2027 * | 1,323,970 |
| 2028 * | 1,316,863 |
| 2029 * | 1,309,807 |
| 2030 * | 1,302,772 |
| 2031 * | 1,295,722 |
| 2032 * | 1,288,716 |
| 2033 * | 1,281,803 |
| 2034 * | 1,274,976 |
| 2035 * | 1,268,271 |
| 2036 * | 1,261,705 |
| 2037 * | 1,255,268 |
| 2038 * | 1,249,008 |
| 2039 * | 1,242,861 |
| 2040 * | 1,236,787 |
| 2041 * | 1,230,730 |
| 2042 * | 1,224,641 |
| 2043 * | 1,218,544 |
| 2044 * | 1,212,393 |
| 2045 * | 1,206,184 |
| 2046 * | 1,199,947 |
| 2047 * | 1,193,662 |
| 2048 * | 1,187,355 |
| 2049 * | 1,180,914 |
| 2050 * | 1,174,267 |
| 2051 * | 1,167,469 |
| 2052 * | 1,160,575 |
| 2053 * | 1,153,570 |
| 2054 * | 1,146,428 |
| 2055 * | 1,139,102 |
| 2056 * | 1,131,589 |
| 2057 * | 1,123,999 |
| 2058 * | 1,116,279 |
| 2059 * | 1,108,446 |
| 2060 * | 1,100,466 |
| 2061 * | 1,092,380 |
| 2062 * | 1,084,304 |
| 2063 * | 1,076,225 |
| 2064 * | 1,068,136 |
| 2065 * | 1,060,037 |
| 2066 * | 1,051,981 |
| 2067 * | 1,043,950 |
| 2068 * | 1,035,948 |
| 2069 * | 1,027,979 |
| 2070 * | 1,019,985 |
| 2071 * | 1,012,040 |
| 2072 * | 1,004,219 |
| 2073 * | 996,487 |
| 2074 * | 988,844 |
| 2075 * | 981,338 |
| 2076 * | 973,940 |
| 2077 * | 966,574 |
| 2078 * | 959,256 |
| 2079 * | 952,044 |
| 2080 * | 944,963 |
| 2081 * | 938,035 |
| 2082 * | 931,202 |
| 2083 * | 924,401 |
| 2084 * | 917,658 |
| 2085 * | 911,080 |
| 2086 * | 904,700 |
| 2087 * | 898,464 |
| 2088 * | 892,458 |
| 2089 * | 886,626 |
| 2090 * | 880,860 |
| 2091 * | 875,206 |
| 2092 * | 869,653 |
| 2093 * | 864,109 |
| 2094 * | 858,584 |
| 2095 * | 853,067 |
| 2096 * | 847,502 |
| 2097 * | 841,994 |
| 2098 * | 836,561 |
| 2099 * | 831,071 |
| 2100 * | 825,503 |
* UN projection
Population of Estonia by year
1.4 million in 2000, 1.3 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.
| Year | Population | Yearly change | Change | Net migrants | Median age | Fertility | Density (km²) | Urban | World share | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026* | 1,331,062 | −0.98% | −13,170 | −716 | 43.2 | 1.38 | 31 | 71% | 0.02% | 158 |
| 2025* | 1,344,232 | −1.20% | −16,314 | −13,350 | 42.8 | 1.37 | 31 | 71% | 0.02% | 158 |
| 2024* | 1,360,546 | −0.49% | −6,650 | −7,742 | 42.3 | 1.36 | 31 | 71% | 0.02% | 157 |
| 2023 | 1,367,196 | +1.27% | +17,104 | +5,717 | 41.9 | 1.35 | 31 | 71% | 0.02% | 157 |
| 2022 | 1,350,092 | +1.38% | +18,343 | +39,754 | 41.6 | 1.41 | 31 | 71% | 0.02% | 157 |
| 2021 | 1,331,749 | +0.16% | +2,080 | +7,043 | 41.5 | 1.59 | 31 | 70% | 0.02% | 157 |
| 2020 | 1,329,669 | +0.21% | +2,847 | +3,694 | 41.4 | 1.59 | 31 | 70% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2019 | 1,326,822 | +0.37% | +4,857 | +5,386 | 41.2 | 1.66 | 31 | 70% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2018 | 1,321,965 | +0.34% | +4,540 | +7,089 | 41.0 | 1.67 | 30 | 69% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2017 | 1,317,425 | +0.12% | +1,576 | +5,202 | 40.9 | 1.60 | 30 | 69% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2016 | 1,315,849 | +0.10% | +1,273 | +1,081 | 40.7 | 1.60 | 30 | 69% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2015 | 1,314,576 | +0.01% | +124 | +4,261 | 40.6 | 1.58 | 30 | 69% | 0.02% | 156 |
| 2010 | 1,331,448 | −0.23% | −3,080 | −3,781 | 39.3 | 1.72 | 31 | 68% | 0.02% | 154 |
| 2005 | 1,354,848 | −0.57% | −7,828 | −5,208 | 38.3 | 1.51 | 31 | 68% | 0.02% | 152 |
| 2000 | 1,396,997 | −0.47% | −6,581 | −3,083 | 37.1 | 1.35 | 32 | 67% | 0.02% | 150 |
| 1995 | 1,452,777 | −1.55% | −22,937 | −12,655 | 35.3 | 1.37 | 33 | 69% | 0.03% | 149 |
| 1990 | 1,570,303 | +0.17% | +2,715 | −2,660 | 33.3 | 2.04 | 36 | 71% | 0.03% | 147 |
| 1985 | 1,525,280 | +0.64% | +9,670 | +5,097 | 32.9 | 2.13 | 35 | 71% | 0.03% | 145 |
| 1980 | 1,476,463 | +0.57% | +8,440 | +4,619 | 32.7 | 2.02 | 34 | 70% | 0.03% | 142 |
| 1975 | 1,423,504 | +0.85% | +11,957 | +6,737 | 33.4 | 2.04 | 33 | 68% | 0.03% | 139 |
| 1970 | 1,361,866 | +0.98% | +13,164 | +6,158 | 32.7 | 2.17 | 31 | 65% | 0.04% | 138 |
| 1965 | 1,292,804 | +1.13% | +14,464 | +8,851 | 32.1 | 1.90 | 30 | 63% | 0.04% | 135 |
| 1960 | 1,220,453 | +0.87% | +10,514 | +7,762 | 31.1 | 1.98 | 28 | 58% | 0.04% | 134 |
| 1955 | 1,166,871 | +1.04% | +12,067 | +4,362 | 28.9 | 2.11 | 27 | 53% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 1950 | 1,102,042 | – | – | +7,928 | 29.0 | 2.27 | 25 | 48% | 0.04% | 132 |
Population forecast for Estonia
UN medium-variant projection: 1.2 million in 2050 (−11.8% from 2026), 826 thousand in 2100.
| Year | Population | Yearly change | Net migrants | Median age | Fertility | Density (km²) | Urban | World share | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2030 | 1,302,772 | −0.54% | −211 | 44.7 | 1.42 | 30 | 71% | 0.02% | 159 |
| 2035 | 1,268,271 | −0.53% | +100 | 46.5 | 1.45 | 29 | 71% | 0.01% | 160 |
| 2040 | 1,236,787 | −0.49% | +235 | 48.3 | 1.47 | 28 | 71% | 0.01% | 160 |
| 2045 | 1,206,184 | −0.51% | +138 | 48.9 | 1.49 | 28 | 71% | 0.01% | 162 |
| 2050 | 1,174,267 | −0.56% | +234 | 48.4 | 1.51 | 27 | 71% | 0.01% | 162 |
| 2060 | 1,100,466 | −0.72% | +318 | 49.3 | 1.53 | 25 | – | 0.01% | 162 |
| 2070 | 1,019,985 | −0.78% | +218 | 51.2 | 1.54 | 23 | – | 0.01% | 162 |
| 2080 | 944,963 | −0.74% | +338 | 51.3 | 1.55 | 22 | – | 0.01% | 165 |
| 2090 | 880,860 | −0.65% | +256 | 50.8 | 1.56 | 20 | – | 0.01% | 165 |
| 2100 | 825,503 | −0.67% | +355 | 52.1 | 1.57 | 19 | – | 0.01% | 168 |
Largest cities in Estonia
City proper, not the wider metro area; latest figure in GeoNames cities15000 (CC BY 4.0), so years differ by city. Largest cities in the world
| # | City | Region | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tallinn (capital) | Harjumaa | 394,024 |
| 2 | Tartu | Tartu | 91,407 |
| 3 | Narva | Ida-Virumaa | 54,409 |
| 4 | Pärnu | Pärnumaa | 40,228 |
| 5 | Kohtla-Järve | Ida-Virumaa | 35,395 |
| 6 | Viljandi | Viljandimaa | 17,407 |
| 7 | Maardu | Harjumaa | 16,630 |
Age structure
Median age 43.2. 22.3% are 65 or older, 29.8% by 2050; 14.9% are under 15.
Share of the total population in each age group (%)
Births per woman
1.38 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration. Below 2.1 since 1990.
- UN estimate
- UN projection
1.6 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 2.27 |
| 1951 | 2.27 |
| 1952 | 2.26 |
| 1953 | 2.13 |
| 1954 | 2.16 |
| 1955 | 2.11 |
| 1956 | 1.97 |
| 1957 | 1.92 |
| 1958 | 1.92 |
| 1959 | 1.95 |
| 1960 | 1.98 |
| 1961 | 1.99 |
| 1962 | 1.96 |
| 1963 | 1.90 |
| 1964 | 1.95 |
| 1965 | 1.90 |
| 1966 | 1.88 |
| 1967 | 1.90 |
| 1968 | 2.02 |
| 1969 | 2.12 |
| 1970 | 2.17 |
| 1971 | 2.20 |
| 1972 | 2.15 |
| 1973 | 2.08 |
| 1974 | 2.08 |
| 1975 | 2.04 |
| 1976 | 2.06 |
| 1977 | 2.06 |
| 1978 | 2.02 |
| 1979 | 2.01 |
| 1980 | 2.02 |
| 1981 | 2.08 |
| 1982 | 2.09 |
| 1983 | 2.17 |
| 1984 | 2.18 |
| 1985 | 2.13 |
| 1986 | 2.17 |
| 1987 | 2.26 |
| 1988 | 2.27 |
| 1989 | 2.21 |
| 1990 | 2.04 |
| 1991 | 1.80 |
| 1992 | 1.70 |
| 1993 | 1.49 |
| 1994 | 1.41 |
| 1995 | 1.37 |
| 1996 | 1.36 |
| 1997 | 1.31 |
| 1998 | 1.27 |
| 1999 | 1.29 |
| 2000 | 1.35 |
| 2001 | 1.32 |
| 2002 | 1.35 |
| 2003 | 1.36 |
| 2004 | 1.47 |
| 2005 | 1.51 |
| 2006 | 1.58 |
| 2007 | 1.68 |
| 2008 | 1.72 |
| 2009 | 1.70 |
| 2010 | 1.72 |
| 2011 | 1.62 |
| 2012 | 1.56 |
| 2013 | 1.52 |
| 2014 | 1.54 |
| 2015 | 1.58 |
| 2016 | 1.60 |
| 2017 | 1.60 |
| 2018 | 1.67 |
| 2019 | 1.66 |
| 2020 | 1.59 |
| 2021 | 1.59 |
| 2022 | 1.41 |
| 2023 | 1.35 |
| 2024 * | 1.36 |
| 2025 * | 1.37 |
| 2026 * | 1.38 |
| 2027 * | 1.39 |
| 2028 * | 1.40 |
| 2029 * | 1.41 |
| 2030 * | 1.42 |
| 2031 * | 1.43 |
| 2032 * | 1.43 |
| 2033 * | 1.44 |
| 2034 * | 1.44 |
| 2035 * | 1.45 |
| 2036 * | 1.46 |
| 2037 * | 1.46 |
| 2038 * | 1.47 |
| 2039 * | 1.47 |
| 2040 * | 1.47 |
| 2041 * | 1.48 |
| 2042 * | 1.48 |
| 2043 * | 1.48 |
| 2044 * | 1.49 |
| 2045 * | 1.49 |
| 2046 * | 1.50 |
| 2047 * | 1.50 |
| 2048 * | 1.50 |
| 2049 * | 1.51 |
| 2050 * | 1.51 |
| 2051 * | 1.51 |
| 2052 * | 1.51 |
| 2053 * | 1.51 |
| 2054 * | 1.52 |
| 2055 * | 1.52 |
| 2056 * | 1.52 |
| 2057 * | 1.52 |
| 2058 * | 1.52 |
| 2059 * | 1.53 |
| 2060 * | 1.53 |
| 2061 * | 1.53 |
| 2062 * | 1.53 |
| 2063 * | 1.53 |
| 2064 * | 1.54 |
| 2065 * | 1.54 |
| 2066 * | 1.54 |
| 2067 * | 1.54 |
| 2068 * | 1.54 |
| 2069 * | 1.54 |
| 2070 * | 1.54 |
| 2071 * | 1.54 |
| 2072 * | 1.54 |
| 2073 * | 1.54 |
| 2074 * | 1.55 |
| 2075 * | 1.55 |
| 2076 * | 1.55 |
| 2077 * | 1.55 |
| 2078 * | 1.55 |
| 2079 * | 1.55 |
| 2080 * | 1.55 |
| 2081 * | 1.55 |
| 2082 * | 1.55 |
| 2083 * | 1.56 |
| 2084 * | 1.56 |
| 2085 * | 1.56 |
| 2086 * | 1.56 |
| 2087 * | 1.56 |
| 2088 * | 1.56 |
| 2089 * | 1.56 |
| 2090 * | 1.56 |
| 2091 * | 1.56 |
| 2092 * | 1.57 |
| 2093 * | 1.57 |
| 2094 * | 1.57 |
| 2095 * | 1.57 |
| 2096 * | 1.57 |
| 2097 * | 1.57 |
| 2098 * | 1.57 |
| 2099 * | 1.57 |
| 2100 * | 1.57 |
* UN projection
Births and deaths each year
Deaths have outnumbered births since 2011.
- Births
- Deaths
- UN estimate
- UN projection
6.1k12k 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Births | Deaths |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 20,142 | 13,649 |
| 1951 | 20,652 | 13,577 |
| 1952 | 21,004 | 13,464 |
| 1953 | 20,210 | 13,374 |
| 1954 | 20,862 | 13,311 |
| 1955 | 20,727 | 13,221 |
| 1956 | 19,701 | 13,117 |
| 1957 | 19,510 | 13,068 |
| 1958 | 19,709 | 13,172 |
| 1959 | 20,009 | 13,691 |
| 1960 | 20,191 | 13,232 |
| 1961 | 20,190 | 13,471 |
| 1962 | 19,792 | 13,831 |
| 1963 | 19,129 | 13,486 |
| 1964 | 19,348 | 12,963 |
| 1965 | 18,653 | 13,688 |
| 1966 | 18,387 | 13,944 |
| 1967 | 18,492 | 13,819 |
| 1968 | 19,616 | 14,310 |
| 1969 | 20,634 | 15,203 |
| 1970 | 21,282 | 15,196 |
| 1971 | 21,697 | 15,022 |
| 1972 | 21,382 | 15,482 |
| 1973 | 20,945 | 15,514 |
| 1974 | 21,219 | 15,324 |
| 1975 | 21,181 | 16,492 |
| 1976 | 21,633 | 17,264 |
| 1977 | 21,889 | 17,006 |
| 1978 | 21,730 | 17,716 |
| 1979 | 21,785 | 17,949 |
| 1980 | 22,026 | 18,116 |
| 1981 | 22,689 | 18,271 |
| 1982 | 22,913 | 17,818 |
| 1983 | 23,876 | 18,105 |
| 1984 | 24,019 | 19,026 |
| 1985 | 23,468 | 19,233 |
| 1986 | 23,927 | 17,902 |
| 1987 | 24,868 | 18,225 |
| 1988 | 24,855 | 18,461 |
| 1989 | 24,181 | 18,478 |
| 1990 | 22,221 | 19,462 |
| 1991 | 19,483 | 19,715 |
| 1992 | 18,159 | 20,169 |
| 1993 | 15,450 | 21,285 |
| 1994 | 14,291 | 22,232 |
| 1995 | 13,600 | 20,886 |
| 1996 | 13,296 | 19,062 |
| 1997 | 12,613 | 18,558 |
| 1998 | 12,203 | 19,486 |
| 1999 | 12,340 | 18,435 |
| 2000 | 13,011 | 18,412 |
| 2001 | 12,652 | 18,536 |
| 2002 | 12,973 | 18,388 |
| 2003 | 13,049 | 18,208 |
| 2004 | 13,953 | 17,762 |
| 2005 | 14,372 | 17,329 |
| 2006 | 14,923 | 17,335 |
| 2007 | 15,787 | 17,439 |
| 2008 | 16,043 | 16,685 |
| 2009 | 15,796 | 16,123 |
| 2010 | 15,822 | 15,783 |
| 2011 | 14,750 | 15,252 |
| 2012 | 14,097 | 15,457 |
| 2013 | 13,585 | 15,251 |
| 2014 | 13,599 | 15,506 |
| 2015 | 13,819 | 15,253 |
| 2016 | 14,027 | 15,392 |
| 2017 | 13,804 | 15,565 |
| 2018 | 14,309 | 15,757 |
| 2019 | 14,079 | 15,395 |
| 2020 | 13,235 | 15,302 |
| 2021 | 13,118 | 17,627 |
| 2022 | 11,481 | 17,084 |
| 2023 | 11,036 | 16,693 |
| 2024 * | 10,926 | 16,550 |
| 2025 * | 10,605 | 16,530 |
| 2026 * | 10,156 | 16,502 |
| 2027 * | 9,951 | 16,494 |
| 2028 * | 9,788 | 16,475 |
| 2029 * | 9,661 | 16,450 |
| 2030 * | 9,581 | 16,432 |
| 2031 * | 9,528 | 16,430 |
| 2032 * | 9,504 | 16,407 |
| 2033 * | 9,554 | 16,408 |
| 2034 * | 9,619 | 16,417 |
| 2035 * | 9,723 | 16,437 |
| 2036 * | 9,859 | 16,471 |
| 2037 * | 10,010 | 16,494 |
| 2038 * | 10,130 | 16,543 |
| 2039 * | 10,245 | 16,583 |
| 2040 * | 10,351 | 16,625 |
| 2041 * | 10,432 | 16,674 |
| 2042 * | 10,483 | 16,713 |
| 2043 * | 10,504 | 16,752 |
| 2044 * | 10,512 | 16,784 |
| 2045 * | 10,474 | 16,815 |
| 2046 * | 10,405 | 16,835 |
| 2047 * | 10,279 | 16,822 |
| 2048 * | 10,129 | 16,808 |
| 2049 * | 9,968 | 16,766 |
| 2050 * | 9,775 | 16,727 |
| 2051 * | 9,553 | 16,680 |
| 2052 * | 9,327 | 16,628 |
| 2053 * | 9,097 | 16,556 |
| 2054 * | 8,868 | 16,505 |
| 2055 * | 8,651 | 16,452 |
| 2056 * | 8,444 | 16,406 |
| 2057 * | 8,251 | 16,358 |
| 2058 * | 8,082 | 16,306 |
| 2059 * | 7,936 | 16,270 |
| 2060 * | 7,818 | 16,243 |
| 2061 * | 7,719 | 16,213 |
| 2062 * | 7,662 | 16,167 |
| 2063 * | 7,623 | 16,133 |
| 2064 * | 7,606 | 16,121 |
| 2065 * | 7,603 | 16,092 |
| 2066 * | 7,626 | 16,069 |
| 2067 * | 7,642 | 16,060 |
| 2068 * | 7,671 | 16,036 |
| 2069 * | 7,696 | 16,006 |
| 2070 * | 7,733 | 15,967 |
| 2071 * | 7,759 | 15,906 |
| 2072 * | 7,779 | 15,844 |
| 2073 * | 7,798 | 15,778 |
| 2074 * | 7,811 | 15,696 |
| 2075 * | 7,804 | 15,609 |
| 2076 * | 7,788 | 15,506 |
| 2077 * | 7,752 | 15,395 |
| 2078 * | 7,694 | 15,245 |
| 2079 * | 7,621 | 15,078 |
| 2080 * | 7,545 | 14,891 |
| 2081 * | 7,456 | 14,693 |
| 2082 * | 7,363 | 14,467 |
| 2083 * | 7,257 | 14,223 |
| 2084 * | 7,139 | 13,967 |
| 2085 * | 7,022 | 13,711 |
| 2086 * | 6,906 | 13,447 |
| 2087 * | 6,796 | 13,178 |
| 2088 * | 6,686 | 12,927 |
| 2089 * | 6,590 | 12,686 |
| 2090 * | 6,490 | 12,475 |
| 2091 * | 6,408 | 12,290 |
| 2092 * | 6,336 | 12,152 |
| 2093 * | 6,275 | 12,045 |
| 2094 * | 6,219 | 11,972 |
| 2095 * | 6,181 | 11,922 |
| 2096 * | 6,143 | 11,914 |
| 2097 * | 6,122 | 11,920 |
| 2098 * | 6,108 | 11,944 |
| 2099 * | 6,098 | 11,985 |
| 2100 * | 6,095 | 12,040 |
* UN projection
Economy of Estonia
GDP by country →- GDP 2026
- $51 billion 101st largest economy
- GDP per person
- $37,310 US$, market rates
- GDP per person (PPP)
- Int$ 53,660 at purchasing power parity
- Economic growth
- +2.1% real GDP
- Inflation
- 3.0% consumer prices
- Unemployment
- 6.8% of the labour force
- Government debt
- 27.5% of GDP
- Share of world GDP
- 0.0%
- IMF estimate
- IMF projection
63.6B 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | GDP, US$ |
|---|---|
| 1993 | 1,791,000,000 |
| 1994 | 2,507,000,000 |
| 1995 | 3,909,000,000 |
| 1996 | 4,785,000,000 |
| 1997 | 5,160,000,000 |
| 1998 | 5,678,000,000 |
| 1999 | 5,771,000,000 |
| 2000 | 5,707,000,000 |
| 2001 | 6,265,000,000 |
| 2002 | 7,393,000,000 |
| 2003 | 9,894,000,000 |
| 2004 | 12,161,000,000 |
| 2005 | 14,129,000,000 |
| 2006 | 17,049,000,000 |
| 2007 | 22,478,000,000 |
| 2008 | 24,434,000,000 |
| 2009 | 19,694,000,000 |
| 2010 | 19,569,000,000 |
| 2011 | 23,300,000,000 |
| 2012 | 23,252,000,000 |
| 2013 | 25,451,000,000 |
| 2014 | 27,063,000,000 |
| 2015 | 23,314,000,000 |
| 2016 | 24,554,000,000 |
| 2017 | 27,460,000,000 |
| 2018 | 31,237,000,000 |
| 2019 | 31,877,000,000 |
| 2020 | 31,795,000,000 |
| 2021 | 37,226,000,000 |
| 2022 | 38,406,000,000 |
| 2023 | 41,271,000,000 |
| 2024 | 43,156,000,000 |
| 2025 | 47,291,000,000 |
| 2026 * | 51,029,000,000 |
| 2027 * | 53,853,000,000 |
| 2028 * | 56,108,000,000 |
| 2029 * | 58,531,000,000 |
| 2030 * | 60,995,000,000 |
| 2031 * | 63,562,000,000 |
* IMF projection
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries
CO₂ emissions of Estonia
CO₂ by country →- CO₂ emissions 2024
- 8.3 million tonnes 118th largest emitter
- Per person
- 6.11 t world: 4.73 t
- Share of world CO₂
- 0.02% 0.02% of its people
- Change since 1990
- −78% −51% since 2005
8.3 2024
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | CO₂, million tonnes |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 6.85 |
| 1951 | 7.43 |
| 1952 | 7.96 |
| 1953 | 8.42 |
| 1954 | 9.20 |
| 1955 | 10.43 |
| 1956 | 11.43 |
| 1957 | 12.51 |
| 1958 | 13.36 |
| 1959 | 14.04 |
| 1960 | 14.62 |
| 1961 | 15.08 |
| 1962 | 15.83 |
| 1963 | 16.97 |
| 1964 | 18.05 |
| 1965 | 19.14 |
| 1966 | 20.22 |
| 1967 | 21.14 |
| 1968 | 21.73 |
| 1969 | 22.62 |
| 1970 | 23.80 |
| 1971 | 25.26 |
| 1972 | 26.58 |
| 1973 | 27.71 |
| 1974 | 28.77 |
| 1975 | 30.25 |
| 1976 | 31.42 |
| 1977 | 32.48 |
| 1978 | 33.59 |
| 1979 | 33.87 |
| 1980 | 35.21 |
| 1981 | 34.53 |
| 1982 | 35.19 |
| 1983 | 35.69 |
| 1984 | 36.01 |
| 1985 | 38.84 |
| 1986 | 38.84 |
| 1987 | 37.91 |
| 1988 | 38.01 |
| 1989 | 38.95 |
| 1990 | 36.91 |
| 1991 | 34.13 |
| 1992 | 24.41 |
| 1993 | 19.43 |
| 1994 | 20.04 |
| 1995 | 18.05 |
| 1996 | 19.03 |
| 1997 | 18.67 |
| 1998 | 16.93 |
| 1999 | 15.93 |
| 2000 | 15.47 |
| 2001 | 15.87 |
| 2002 | 15.36 |
| 2003 | 17.25 |
| 2004 | 17.32 |
| 2005 | 17.09 |
| 2006 | 16.44 |
| 2007 | 19.93 |
| 2008 | 17.82 |
| 2009 | 14.40 |
| 2010 | 18.96 |
| 2011 | 18.95 |
| 2012 | 17.76 |
| 2013 | 19.63 |
| 2014 | 18.78 |
| 2015 | 15.78 |
| 2016 | 17.43 |
| 2017 | 18.62 |
| 2018 | 17.80 |
| 2019 | 12.29 |
| 2020 | 9.20 |
| 2021 | 10.39 |
| 2022 | 11.97 |
| 2023 | 8.74 |
| 2024 | 8.31 |
By source, 2024
- Coal54.8%
- Oil36.9%
- Gas7.6%
- Other industry0.7%
Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions
Compare with Europe
| Country | Population 2026 | Growth | Fertility | Median age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 1.3 million | −0.53% | 1.38 | 43.2 |
| Russia | 143 million | −0.23% | 1.47 | 40.7 |
| Germany | 83.6 million | −0.23% | 1.46 | 45.7 |
| United Kingdom | 69.9 million | +0.52% | 1.53 | 40.2 |
| France | 66.7 million | +0.14% | 1.64 | 42.5 |
| Italy | 58.9 million | −0.39% | 1.22 | 48.6 |
| Spain | 47.9 million | −0.10% | 1.24 | 46.3 |
| Ukraine | 39.5 million | −0.74% | 1.00 | 41.8 |
| Poland | 37.8 million | −0.38% | 1.31 | 43.0 |
All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country
Air quality in Estonia today
Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for Tallinn.
Questions
What is the population of Estonia in 2026?
1,331,062 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 1.3 million people, −0.98% on 2025.
Is Estonia's population growing or shrinking?
Shrinking: 13,170 fewer people in 2026 than in 2025. Deaths have outnumbered births since 2011.
When will Estonia's population peak?
It already did: 1.6 million in 1990. The UN projects 1.2 million in 2050 and 826 thousand in 2100.
What is the fertility rate in Estonia?
1.38 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1. Estonia has been below that since 1990.
How many babies are born in Estonia every day?
About 28 a day (10 thousand in 2026), against about 45 deaths a day.
What is the life expectancy in Estonia?
79.6 years at birth in 2026: 83.4 for women and 75.6 for men, against a world average of 73.8.
How many men and women live in Estonia?
About 634 thousand men and 697 thousand women in 2026, or 91.0 men for every 100 women.
What is the population density of Estonia?
31 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 45,226 km². The world average is 64.
What was the population of Estonia in 2000?
1,396,997 (1.4 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has fallen by 5% since, to 1.3 million in 2026.
What will the population of Estonia be in 2050?
About 1.2 million on the UN's medium projection (1,174,267), −11.8% from 2026; 826 thousand by 2100.
What are the largest cities in Estonia?
Tallinn (394 thousand), Tartu (91 thousand), Narva (54 thousand), Pärnu (40 thousand), Kohtla-Järve (35 thousand). Figures are for the city proper, from GeoNames.
What is the GDP of Estonia in 2026?
$51 billion at current prices, the 101st largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +2.1%.
What is Estonia's GDP per capita?
$37,310 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 53,660 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.
How much CO₂ does Estonia emit?
8.3 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 6.11 t per person and 0.02% of the world total; coal is the largest source (55%).
Source and method
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.