CO₂ emissions · 2024

CO₂ emissions by country, 2024

The world emitted 38.6 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 70% more than in 1990. China emits 31.8% of it; with United States and India the three largest emitters make up 53%.

Fossil fuels and industry. 2024 is the latest year the Global Carbon Budget reports by country.

Largest emitter
China: 12.29 Gt
31.8% of the world’s CO₂.
Per person
World: 4.73 t
US 14.2 t, China 8.66 t, India 2.20 t.
Since 1990
+70% worldwide
39 countries have cut emissions by over 10% since 2005.
India
3rd largest: 3.19 Gt
8.3% of the world; +167% since 2005.

World CO₂ emissions, 1950–2024

Million tonnes a year, fossil fuels and industry.

World
China
United States

38.6k12.3k4.9k 2024

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	World	China	United States
1950	5,930	79	2,541
1951	6,382	102	2,619
1952	6,468	128	2,551
1953	6,651	134	2,613
1954	6,790	161	2,489
1955	7,444	191	2,729
1956	7,926	216	2,860
1957	8,186	256	2,836
1958	8,418	525	2,747
1959	8,855	720	2,832
1960	9,387	799	2,897
1961	9,415	571	2,887
1962	9,747	460	2,994
1963	10,267	457	3,126
1964	10,824	461	3,264
1965	11,311	500	3,400
1966	11,863	549	3,571
1967	12,237	460	3,705
1968	12,905	496	3,841
1969	13,762	608	4,035
1970	14,899	808	4,340
1971	15,504	909	4,365
1972	16,225	969	4,573
1973	17,077	1,008	4,778
1974	16,998	1,028	4,608
1975	16,988	1,183	4,414
1976	17,862	1,226	4,622
1977	18,358	1,341	4,750
1978	19,025	1,493	4,897
1979	19,509	1,525	4,909
1980	19,410	1,494	4,730
1981	18,880	1,476	4,544
1982	18,730	1,606	4,312
1983	18,902	1,694	4,346
1984	19,457	1,844	4,479
1985	20,145	1,997	4,495
1986	20,438	2,103	4,498
1987	21,106	2,257	4,692
1988	21,919	2,424	4,898
1989	22,200	2,462	4,960
1990	22,732	2,484	5,132
1991	23,206	2,619	5,076
1992	22,520	2,731	5,179
1993	22,750	2,914	5,280
1994	22,975	3,094	5,362
1995	23,517	3,351	5,426
1996	24,233	3,499	5,601
1997	24,380	3,512	5,673
1998	24,296	3,355	5,736
1999	24,838	3,550	5,800
2000	25,511	3,644	6,023
2001	25,693	3,724	5,904
2002	26,265	4,098	5,948
2003	27,653	4,835	6,006
2004	28,610	5,211	6,112
2005	29,599	5,882	6,127
2006	30,594	6,486	6,045
2007	31,499	6,975	6,122
2008	32,050	7,492	5,919
2009	31,513	7,881	5,486
2010	33,318	8,610	5,669
2011	34,480	9,520	5,539
2012	34,955	9,767	5,331
2013	35,276	9,942	5,473
2014	35,466	9,976	5,531
2015	35,404	9,858	5,369
2016	35,393	9,748	5,245
2017	35,975	10,000	5,195
2018	36,734	10,347	5,361
2019	37,087	10,714	5,236
2020	35,158	10,897	4,690
2021	36,867	11,284	5,020
2022	37,528	11,712	5,055
2023	38,094	12,172	4,918
2024	38,599	12,289	4,904

What the world burns

Share of 2024 emissions by source.

Coal 40.9%
Oil 32.3%
Gas 20.8%
Cement 3.8%
Other industry 1.1%
Flaring 1.1%

On the map

Tap a country for its figures.

Darker = more CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry.

CO₂ emissions, million tonnes a year

520502005002Gt

Darker = more CO₂ per person. The world average is about 4.7 tonnes.

CO₂ per person, tonnes a year

0.5t1t2.5t5t10t15t

All 213 countries

CO₂ emissions by country, 2024
#
1	China	12.29 Gt	31.84%	8.66 t	+395%
2	United States	4.9 Gt	12.71%	14.2 t	−4%
3	India	3.19 Gt	8.27%	2.20 t	+453%
4	Russia	1.78 Gt	4.61%	12.3 t	−30%
5	Japan	962 Mt	2.49%	7.77 t	−17%
6	Indonesia	812 Mt	2.10%	2.87 t	+424%
7	Iran	793 Mt	2.05%	8.66 t	+276%
8	Saudi Arabia	692 Mt	1.79%	20.4 t	+280%
9	South Korea	584 Mt	1.51%	11.3 t	+133%
10	Germany	572 Mt	1.48%	6.77 t	−46%
11	Canada	533 Mt	1.38%	13.4 t	+16%
12	Turkey	513 Mt	1.33%	5.87 t	+232%
13	Brazil	483 Mt	1.25%	2.28 t	+121%
14	Mexico	461 Mt	1.19%	3.52 t	+46%
15	South Africa	440 Mt	1.14%	6.87 t	+41%
16	Australia	387 Mt	1.00%	14.5 t	+39%
17	Vietnam	371 Mt	0.96%	3.67 t	+1642%
18	United Kingdom	313 Mt	0.81%	4.53 t	−48%
19	Italy	302 Mt	0.78%	5.09 t	−31%
20	Malaysia	290 Mt	0.75%	8.16 t	+435%
21	Kazakhstan	287 Mt	0.74%	13.9 t	+7%
22	Poland	273 Mt	0.71%	7.08 t	−28%
23	Thailand	268 Mt	0.69%	3.74 t	+209%
24	France	264 Mt	0.68%	3.97 t	−33%
25	Taiwan	262 Mt	0.68%	11.3 t	+111%
26	Egypt	258 Mt	0.67%	2.22 t	+255%
27	Iraq	234 Mt	0.61%	5.07 t	+370%
28	United Arab Emirates	222 Mt	0.58%	20.1 t	+328%
29	Spain	220 Mt	0.57%	4.60 t	−4%
30	Algeria	198 Mt	0.51%	4.23 t	+161%
31	Pakistan	180 Mt	0.47%	0.72 t	+165%
32	Philippines	175 Mt	0.45%	1.51 t	+329%
33	Argentina	171 Mt	0.44%	3.74 t	+53%
34	Ukraine	143 Mt	0.37%	3.76 t	−80%
35	Uzbekistan	139 Mt	0.36%	3.83 t	+35%
36	Nigeria	136 Mt	0.35%	0.58 t	+250%
37	Kuwait	130 Mt	0.34%	26.3 t	+242%
38	Qatar	126 Mt	0.33%	41.3 t	+1001%
39	Venezuela	116 Mt	0.30%	4.08 t	−4%
40	Netherlands	115 Mt	0.30%	6.30 t	−30%
41	Bangladesh	108 Mt	0.28%	0.62 t	+669%
42	Colombia	92.7 Mt	0.24%	1.75 t	+63%
43	Belgium	85.5 Mt	0.22%	7.28 t	−29%
44	Oman	82.7 Mt	0.21%	15.7 t	+633%
45	Turkmenistan	81 Mt	0.21%	10.8 t	+143%
46	Chile	78.7 Mt	0.20%	3.98 t	+139%
47	Czechia	75.6 Mt	0.20%	7.04 t	−54%
48	Peru	70.3 Mt	0.18%	2.05 t	+228%
49	Morocco	69.1 Mt	0.18%	1.81 t	+210%
50	Romania	68.5 Mt	0.18%	3.60 t	−61%
51	Libya	65.3 Mt	0.17%	8.84 t	+79%
52	North Korea	62.5 Mt	0.16%	2.36 t	−47%
53	Austria	56.4 Mt	0.15%	6.18 t	−9%
54	Belarus	55.8 Mt	0.14%	6.16 t	−49%
55	Singapore	53.9 Mt	0.14%	9.24 t	+24%
56	Greece	53.4 Mt	0.14%	5.31 t	−36%
57	Israel	52.6 Mt	0.14%	5.61 t	+47%
58	Ecuador	46 Mt	0.12%	2.54 t	+179%
59	Mongolia	44.7 Mt	0.12%	12.9 t	+357%
60	Serbia	42 Mt	0.11%	6.24 t	−27%
61	Hungary	40 Mt	0.10%	4.14 t	−46%
62	Azerbaijan	39.8 Mt	0.10%	3.85 t	−22%
63	Bahrain	39 Mt	0.10%	24.3 t	+239%
64	Sweden	38.1 Mt	0.10%	3.59 t	−34%
65	Norway	37.2 Mt	0.10%	6.67 t	+6%
66	Portugal	35.5 Mt	0.09%	3.41 t	−22%
67	Trinidad and Tobago	34.6 Mt	0.09%	22.9 t	+104%
68	Hong Kong	33.3 Mt	0.09%	4.49 t	+23%
69	Ireland	33.3 Mt	0.09%	6.34 t	+1%
70	Dominican Republic	33.1 Mt	0.09%	2.90 t	+271%
71	Tunisia	32.7 Mt	0.08%	2.66 t	+123%
72	New Zealand	32.5 Mt	0.08%	6.23 t	+27%
73	Switzerland	32.1 Mt	0.08%	3.60 t	−27%
74	Syria	31.8 Mt	0.08%	1.29 t	−15%
75	Bulgaria	31.6 Mt	0.08%	4.68 t	−59%
76	Myanmar	31.6 Mt	0.08%	0.58 t	+646%
77	Finland	29.8 Mt	0.08%	5.30 t	−48%
78	Slovakia	29.1 Mt	0.08%	5.28 t	−53%
79	Bolivia	28.7 Mt	0.07%	2.31 t	+187%
80	Denmark	28.4 Mt	0.07%	4.75 t	−47%
81	Cuba	24.4 Mt	0.06%	2.23 t	−18%
82	Laos	24.4 Mt	0.06%	3.14 t	+4656%
83	Jordan	23.2 Mt	0.06%	2.01 t	+119%
84	Angola	22.3 Mt	0.06%	0.59 t	+339%
85	Cambodia	21.9 Mt	0.06%	1.24 t	+1637%
86	Kenya	21.2 Mt	0.06%	0.38 t	+267%
87	Ghana	21 Mt	0.05%	0.61 t	+498%
88	Sri Lanka	20.8 Mt	0.05%	0.90 t	+448%
89	Tanzania	20 Mt	0.05%	0.29 t	+848%
90	Guatemala	19.9 Mt	0.05%	1.08 t	+327%
91	Bosnia and Herzegovina	19.4 Mt	0.05%	6.14 t	−2%
92	Nepal	18.8 Mt	0.05%	0.63 t	+2504%
93	Croatia	18.5 Mt	0.05%	4.76 t	−19%
94	Ethiopia	17.8 Mt	0.05%	0.14 t	+497%
95	Sudan	17.8 Mt	0.05%	0.35 t	+272%
96	Lebanon	15.7 Mt	0.04%	2.70 t	+99%
97	Côte d'Ivoire	14.8 Mt	0.04%	0.46 t	+210%
98	Senegal	14.1 Mt	0.04%	0.76 t	+381%
99	Zimbabwe	13.7 Mt	0.04%	0.82 t	−12%
100	Honduras	12.9 Mt	0.03%	1.19 t	+413%
101	Slovenia	12.8 Mt	0.03%	6.02 t	−16%
102	Panama	12.7 Mt	0.03%	2.81 t	+384%
103	Lithuania	12.5 Mt	0.03%	4.39 t	−65%
104	Brunei	12.1 Mt	0.03%	26.1 t	+141%
105	Zambia	12 Mt	0.03%	0.56 t	+400%
106	Georgia	11.8 Mt	0.03%	3.10 t	−21%
107	Kyrgyzstan	11.8 Mt	0.03%	1.64 t	−39%
108	Afghanistan	10.8 Mt	0.03%	0.25 t	+435%
109	Tajikistan	10.7 Mt	0.03%	1.01 t	−13%
110	Yemen	10.1 Mt	0.03%	0.25 t	+6%
111	Cameroon	9.6 Mt	0.02%	0.33 t	+270%
112	El Salvador	9 Mt	0.02%	1.42 t	+263%
113	Congo	8.8 Mt	0.02%	1.40 t	+777%
114	Costa Rica	8.8 Mt	0.02%	1.71 t	+201%
115	Mozambique	8.6 Mt	0.02%	0.25 t	+740%
116	Jamaica	8.4 Mt	0.02%	2.96 t	+12%
117	Papua New Guinea	8.3 Mt	0.02%	0.79 t	+287%
118	Estonia	8.3 Mt	0.02%	6.11 t	−78%
119	Uruguay	8 Mt	0.02%	2.35 t	+101%
120	Paraguay	7.9 Mt	0.02%	1.15 t	+273%
121	Botswana	7.5 Mt	0.02%	2.96 t	+176%
122	Armenia	7.4 Mt	0.02%	2.50 t	−18%
123	Cyprus	7.3 Mt	0.02%	5.37 t	+57%
124	Luxembourg	7 Mt	0.02%	10.5 t	−40%
125	Equatorial Guinea	7 Mt	0.02%	3.70 t	+11207%
126	Mali	7 Mt	0.02%	0.28 t	+1554%
127	North Macedonia	6.6 Mt	0.02%	3.63 t	−40%
128	Burkina Faso	6.5 Mt	0.02%	0.28 t	+996%
129	Latvia	6.5 Mt	0.02%	3.45 t	−67%
130	Uganda	6.3 Mt	0.02%	0.13 t	+732%
131	Benin	6.1 Mt	0.02%	0.42 t	+948%
132	DR Congo	5.9 Mt	0.02%	0.05 t	+39%
133	Nicaragua	5.6 Mt	0.01%	0.81 t	+176%
134	Gabon	5.4 Mt	0.01%	2.13 t	+20%
135	Moldova	5.3 Mt	0.01%	1.75 t	−85%
136	New Caledonia	5.3 Mt	0.01%	18.1 t	+236%
137	Mauritania	5.2 Mt	0.01%	1.01 t	+514%
138	Palestine	4.8 Mt	0.01%	0.87 t	+455%
139	Mauritius	4.7 Mt	0.01%	3.68 t	+220%
140	Madagascar	4.5 Mt	0.01%	0.14 t	+380%
141	Guyana	4.5 Mt	0.01%	5.43 t	+300%
142	Albania	4.4 Mt	0.01%	1.59 t	−20%
143	Guinea	4 Mt	0.01%	0.27 t	+316%
144	Iceland	3.8 Mt	0.01%	9.67 t	+71%
145	Namibia	3.5 Mt	0.01%	1.15 t	–
146	Niger	3.2 Mt	0.01%	0.12 t	+429%
147	Bahamas	3.1 Mt	0.01%	7.65 t	+52%
148	Suriname	3 Mt	0.01%	4.71 t	+72%
149	Haiti	3 Mt	0.01%	0.25 t	+199%
150	Chad	2.8 Mt	0.01%	0.14 t	+651%
151	Togo	2.8 Mt	0.01%	0.33 t	+182%
152	Lesotho	2.6 Mt	0.01%	1.10 t	+75%
153	Montenegro	2.4 Mt	0.01%	3.72 t	+8%
154	Maldives	2.3 Mt	0.01%	4.37 t	+1265%
155	Curacao	2.3 Mt	0.01%	12.3 t	−52%
156	Rwanda	2 Mt	0.01%	0.14 t	+288%
157	Malawi	1.9 Mt	0.00%	0.09 t	+155%
158	Malta	1.7 Mt	0.00%	3.20 t	−29%
159	South Sudan	1.7 Mt	0.00%	0.14 t	+305%
160	Bhutan	1.7 Mt	0.00%	2.09 t	+791%
161	Fiji	1.4 Mt	0.00%	1.56 t	+80%
162	Sierra Leone	1.4 Mt	0.00%	0.17 t	+188%
163	Barbados	1.4 Mt	0.00%	4.83 t	+32%
164	Somalia	1.3 Mt	0.00%	0.07 t	+69%
165	Macao	1.1 Mt	0.00%	1.47 t	+17%
166	Eswatini	1 Mt	0.00%	0.84 t	+9%
167	Aruba	0.92 Mt	0.00%	8.52 t	+89%
168	Burundi	0.92 Mt	0.00%	0.07 t	+339%
169	French Polynesia	0.92 Mt	0.00%	3.27 t	+76%
170	Liberia	0.86 Mt	0.00%	0.15 t	+88%
171	Belize	0.8 Mt	0.00%	1.91 t	+156%
172	Gambia	0.8 Mt	0.00%	0.29 t	+306%
173	Eritrea	0.74 Mt	0.00%	0.21 t	–
174	Faroe Islands	0.72 Mt	0.00%	13.1 t	+3%
175	Sint Maarten	0.72 Mt	0.00%	16.6 t	+35%
176	Antigua and Barbuda	0.67 Mt	0.00%	7.09 t	+175%
177	Timor Leste	0.67 Mt	0.00%	0.48 t	–
178	Seychelles	0.65 Mt	0.00%	5.00 t	+335%
179	Greenland	0.62 Mt	0.00%	11.1 t	−1%
180	Cabo Verde	0.59 Mt	0.00%	1.13 t	+230%
181	Djibouti	0.56 Mt	0.00%	0.48 t	+90%
182	Bermuda	0.55 Mt	0.00%	8.51 t	+10%
183	Comoros	0.55 Mt	0.00%	0.64 t	+790%
184	Saint Lucia	0.54 Mt	0.00%	2.99 t	+198%
185	Andorra	0.42 Mt	0.00%	5.18 t	+6%
186	Central African Republic	0.4 Mt	0.00%	0.07 t	+116%
187	Grenada	0.38 Mt	0.00%	3.22 t	+256%
188	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.38 Mt	0.00%	8.14 t	+542%
189	Guinea-Bissau	0.34 Mt	0.00%	0.15 t	+260%
190	Solomon Islands	0.29 Mt	0.00%	0.36 t	+101%
191	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.26 Mt	0.00%	5.54 t	+145%
192	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.26 Mt	0.00%	2.54 t	+216%
193	Samoa	0.25 Mt	0.00%	1.13 t	+167%
194	Palau	0.23 Mt	0.00%	12.8 t	−3%
195	Vanuatu	0.2 Mt	0.00%	0.60 t	+199%
196	British Virgin Islands	0.19 Mt	0.00%	4.87 t	+192%
197	Dominica	0.17 Mt	0.00%	2.58 t	+190%
198	Anguilla	0.15 Mt	0.00%	10.1 t	+236%
199	Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba	0.15 Mt	0.00%	4.95 t	+71%
200	Marshall Islands	0.15 Mt	0.00%	4.11 t	–
201	Micronesia	0.15 Mt	0.00%	1.33 t	–
202	Tonga	0.15 Mt	0.00%	1.46 t	+89%
203	Sao Tome and Principe	0.14 Mt	0.00%	0.60 t	+196%
204	Liechtenstein	0.13 Mt	0.00%	3.30 t	−34%
205	Cook Islands	0.08 Mt	0.00%	5.82 t	+100%
206	Kiribati	0.07 Mt	0.00%	0.54 t	+227%
207	Nauru	0.06 Mt	0.00%	5.13 t	−51%
208	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0.06 Mt	0.00%	9.79 t	−40%
209	Montserrat	0.03 Mt	0.00%	6.02 t	−7%
210	Wallis and Futuna	0.03 Mt	0.00%	2.70 t	+72%
211	Niue	0.01 Mt	0.00%	4.14 t	+14%
212	Saint Helena	0.01 Mt	0.00%	2.17 t	+57%
213	Tuvalu	0.01 Mt	0.00%	1.18 t	+175%

Gt = billion tonnes, Mt = million tonnes, t = tonnes of CO₂. Emissions are counted where fuel is burned (territorial), not where goods are consumed. International aviation and shipping (3.1% of the world total) belong to no country.

Questions

Which country emits the most CO₂?

China, with 12.29 billion tonnes in 2024 (31.8% of the world), then the United States (4.9 billion tonnes) and India (3.19 billion tonnes).

How much CO₂ does the world emit a year?

38.6 billion tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, about 106 million tonnes a day. Land-use change, mostly deforestation, adds roughly another 4 billion tonnes, which this page leaves out.

Are global CO₂ emissions still rising?

Yes: 2024 was 1.3% above 2023, a record. But 39 countries of a million people or more have cut their emissions by over 10% since 2005, among them the US (-20%) and most of the EU.

What are the top 10 CO₂ emitting countries?

1. China (12.29 Gt); 2. United States (4.9 Gt); 3. India (3.19 Gt); 4. Russia (1.78 Gt); 5. Japan (962 Mt); 6. Indonesia (812 Mt); 7. Iran (793 Mt); 8. Saudi Arabia (692 Mt); 9. South Korea (584 Mt); 10. Germany (572 Mt).

More on emissions

Source: Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al., Global Carbon Project), via Our World in Data’s CO2 and greenhouse gas dataset (CC BY 4.0). Fossil CO₂ from coal, oil, gas, cement, flaring and other industry; land-use change is excluded.