Population · North America

Cuba population 2026

Right now · estimate

10,876,861

Births today: 0
Deaths today: 0
Births this year: 77,461
Births minus deaths this year: -19,681

Cuba has an estimated 10,892,659 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 44,545 fewer than a year earlier (−0.41%). It is the 90th most populous country in the world. Its population peaked in 2012 at 11.3 million and is projected to fall to 9.4 million by 2050.

UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.

Rank in the world

Year	Population	Rank
1950	5.9 million	60th
2000	11.1 million	71st
2026*	10.9 million	90th
2050*	9.4 million	103rd
2100*	5.6 million	123rd

* UN medium-variant projection. Ranks among 237 countries and areas.

Cuba in numbers, 2026

Births in 2026: 92 thousand 253 a day
Deaths in 2026: 116 thousand 317 a day
Net migration: −22 thousand more departures than arrivals
Growth rate: −0.42% shrinking
Fertility rate: 1.45per woman below replacement (2.1)
Median age: 42.5years world: 31.1
Life expectancy: 78.6years
Aged 65 and over: 17.6% 30.2% by 2050

Land, people and health

Capital: Havana
Area: 110,860 km² 106th largest of 237
Population density: 102per km² 116th most crowded
Urban population: 77.3% 85.1% by 2050
Men and women: 5.4 million / 5.5 million 97.2 men per 100 women
Life expectancy, women: 81.0years men: 76.3 years
Infant mortality: 4.3per 1,000 births under-5: 5.4
Birth rate: 8.5per 1,000 death rate: 10.6
Net migration rate: −2.0per 1,000 net departures

Population of Cuba, 1950–2100

Peaked in 2012 at 11.3 million. By 2050: 9.4 million (−13.9% from today).

UN estimate
UN projection

5.6M 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Population
1950	5,924,511
1951	6,042,200
1952	6,162,174
1953	6,285,748
1954	6,412,848
1955	6,543,100
1956	6,676,052
1957	6,811,727
1958	6,950,290
1959	7,092,332
1960	7,238,081
1961	7,387,117
1962	7,541,098
1963	7,701,660
1964	7,866,020
1965	8,030,798
1966	8,193,450
1967	8,352,625
1968	8,509,522
1969	8,666,640
1970	8,824,382
1971	8,979,085
1972	9,123,891
1973	9,255,328
1974	9,374,182
1975	9,479,726
1976	9,571,242
1977	9,648,440
1978	9,711,980
1979	9,763,356
1980	9,804,796
1981	9,849,320
1982	9,912,680
1983	9,991,026
1984	10,073,299
1985	10,157,228
1986	10,244,247
1987	10,335,342
1988	10,432,585
1989	10,533,243
1990	10,631,799
1991	10,717,640
1992	10,785,802
1993	10,841,031
1994	10,886,021
1995	10,925,362
1996	10,962,010
1997	10,997,934
1998	11,034,712
1999	11,072,230
2000	11,109,108
2001	11,144,132
2002	11,177,418
2003	11,209,384
2004	11,238,756
2005	11,262,554
2006	11,278,550
2007	11,287,272
2008	11,291,762
2009	11,294,720
2010	11,297,409
2011	11,301,571
2012	11,303,176
2013	11,298,168
2014	11,285,776
2015	11,275,064
2016	11,265,612
2017	11,247,829
2018	11,227,118
2019	11,202,846
2020	11,176,354
2021	11,122,168
2022	11,059,820
2023	11,019,930
2024 *	10,979,783
2025 *	10,937,204
2026 *	10,892,659
2027 *	10,846,704
2028 *	10,799,585
2029 *	10,750,892
2030 *	10,700,822
2031 *	10,649,678
2032 *	10,597,332
2033 *	10,543,536
2034 *	10,488,275
2035 *	10,431,762
2036 *	10,373,929
2037 *	10,314,336
2038 *	10,253,198
2039 *	10,190,470
2040 *	10,125,837
2041 *	10,059,304
2042 *	9,990,896
2043 *	9,920,669
2044 *	9,848,744
2045 *	9,775,199
2046 *	9,699,828
2047 *	9,622,709
2048 *	9,544,142
2049 *	9,463,927
2050 *	9,382,000
2051 *	9,298,547
2052 *	9,213,500
2053 *	9,126,958
2054 *	9,038,992
2055 *	8,950,038
2056 *	8,860,390
2057 *	8,770,319
2058 *	8,680,195
2059 *	8,590,028
2060 *	8,500,004
2061 *	8,410,626
2062 *	8,322,190
2063 *	8,234,925
2064 *	8,148,932
2065 *	8,064,198
2066 *	7,980,976
2067 *	7,899,224
2068 *	7,818,892
2069 *	7,739,906
2070 *	7,662,115
2071 *	7,585,665
2072 *	7,510,270
2073 *	7,435,680
2074 *	7,361,776
2075 *	7,288,326
2076 *	7,215,289
2077 *	7,142,356
2078 *	7,069,442
2079 *	6,996,642
2080 *	6,923,877
2081 *	6,851,192
2082 *	6,778,582
2083 *	6,706,200
2084 *	6,634,193
2085 *	6,562,450
2086 *	6,491,131
2087 *	6,420,542
2088 *	6,350,814
2089 *	6,281,856
2090 *	6,213,693
2091 *	6,146,534
2092 *	6,080,259
2093 *	6,014,708
2094 *	5,950,034
2095 *	5,886,123
2096 *	5,822,912
2097 *	5,760,504
2098 *	5,698,791
2099 *	5,637,712
2100 *	5,577,282

* UN projection

Population of Cuba by year

11.1 million in 2000, 10.9 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2026*	10,892,659	−0.41%	−44,545	−22,086	42.5	1.45	102	77%	0.13%	90
2025*	10,937,204	−0.39%	−42,579	−22,244	42.2	1.45	102	77%	0.13%	88
2024*	10,979,783	−0.36%	−40,147	−22,356	41.9	1.45	103	77%	0.13%	87
2023	11,019,930	−0.36%	−39,890	−22,797	41.7	1.44	103	77%	0.14%	86
2022	11,059,820	−0.56%	−62,348	−23,149	41.5	1.41	104	77%	0.14%	85
2021	11,122,168	−0.48%	−54,186	−11,976	41.4	1.43	104	77%	0.14%	84
2020	11,176,354	−0.24%	−26,492	−11,976	41.3	1.49	105	77%	0.14%	83
2019	11,202,846	−0.22%	−24,272	−23,955	41.1	1.54	105	77%	0.14%	82
2018	11,227,118	−0.18%	−20,711	−23,779	40.8	1.61	105	77%	0.15%	82
2017	11,247,829	−0.16%	−17,783	−23,394	40.4	1.58	105	77%	0.15%	82
2016	11,265,612	−0.08%	−9,452	−24,146	40.1	1.60	105	77%	0.15%	80
2015	11,275,064	−0.09%	−10,712	−24,910	39.7	1.69	106	77%	0.15%	80
2010	11,297,409	+0.02%	+2,689	−34,121	37.3	1.67	106	77%	0.16%	75
2005	11,262,554	+0.21%	+23,798	−16,561	34.7	1.49	105	76%	0.17%	72
2000	11,109,108	+0.33%	+36,878	−24,980	32.1	1.61	104	76%	0.18%	71
1995	10,925,362	+0.36%	+39,341	−29,235	29.3	1.48	102	75%	0.19%	65
1990	10,631,799	+0.94%	+98,556	−15,438	26.7	1.81	100	74%	0.20%	63
1985	10,157,228	+0.83%	+83,929	−18,048	24.8	1.77	95	71%	0.21%	61
1980	9,804,796	+0.42%	+41,440	−37,114	23.0	1.64	92	68%	0.22%	59
1975	9,479,726	+1.13%	+105,544	−46,268	21.4	2.82	89	64%	0.23%	59
1970	8,824,382	+1.82%	+157,742	−44,466	20.7	3.98	83	60%	0.24%	59
1965	8,030,798	+2.09%	+164,778	−46,683	21.1	4.50	75	59%	0.24%	61
1960	7,238,081	+2.06%	+145,749	−25,396	21.4	4.13	68	58%	0.24%	61
1955	6,543,100	+2.03%	+130,252	−7,838	21.3	3.90	61	57%	0.24%	61
1950	5,924,511	–	–	−6,090	21.2	4.03	55	56%	0.24%	60

Population forecast for Cuba

UN medium-variant projection: 9.4 million in 2050 (−13.9% from 2026), 5.6 million in 2100.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2030	10,700,822	−0.47%	−19,267	43.8	1.47	100	78%	0.12%	92
2035	10,431,762	−0.54%	−16,073	45.7	1.49	98	79%	0.12%	95
2040	10,125,837	−0.63%	−13,292	47.6	1.49	95	81%	0.11%	95
2045	9,775,199	−0.75%	−10,340	48.8	1.50	92	83%	0.10%	98
2050	9,382,000	−0.87%	−7,856	49.9	1.51	88	85%	0.10%	103
2060	8,500,004	−1.05%	−6,737	51.1	1.53	80	–	0.09%	110
2070	7,662,115	−1.01%	−6,046	52.9	1.54	72	–	0.08%	112
2080	6,923,877	−1.04%	−5,168	53.9	1.55	65	–	0.07%	116
2090	6,213,693	−1.09%	−4,594	54.3	1.56	58	–	0.06%	118
2100	5,577,282	−1.07%	−4,107	54.9	1.57	52	–	0.05%	123

Largest cities in Cuba

Urban area in 2026: the whole built-up city, measured the same way for every country (UN, 2025). * UN projection. Largest cities in the world

#	City	Population 2026	2050*
1	Havana (capital)	1,587,893	1,387,265
2	Santiago de Cuba	428,319	373,199
3	Holguín	311,319	283,507
4	Camagüey	277,938	252,633
5	Santa Clara	213,361	194,735
6	Bayamo	200,672	183,101
7	Guantanamo	197,870	180,243
8	Las Tunas	187,203	166,687
9	Pinar del Rio	151,317	132,483
10	Matanzas	141,575	125,165

Age structure

Median age 42.5. 17.6% are 65 or older, 30.2% by 2050; 14.7% are under 15.

Cuba, 2026 Men 2026 Women 2026 2050 (projection)

Share of the total population in each age group (%)

Births per woman

1.45 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration. Below 2.1 since 1978.

UN estimate
UN projection

1.6 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Fertility rate
1950	4.03
1951	3.95
1952	3.93
1953	3.92
1954	3.92
1955	3.90
1956	3.89
1957	3.89
1958	3.90
1959	4.00
1960	4.13
1961	4.27
1962	4.42
1963	4.56
1964	4.53
1965	4.50
1966	4.40
1967	4.29
1968	4.19
1969	4.12
1970	3.98
1971	3.80
1972	3.61
1973	3.40
1974	3.16
1975	2.82
1976	2.51
1977	2.21
1978	1.88
1979	1.77
1980	1.64
1981	1.59
1982	1.78
1983	1.80
1984	1.77
1985	1.77
1986	1.78
1987	1.80
1988	1.85
1989	1.83
1990	1.81
1991	1.66
1992	1.56
1993	1.49
1994	1.47
1995	1.48
1996	1.46
1997	1.59
1998	1.62
1999	1.64
2000	1.61
2001	1.59
2002	1.65
2003	1.63
2004	1.55
2005	1.49
2006	1.40
2007	1.44
2008	1.58
2009	1.68
2010	1.67
2011	1.73
2012	1.67
2013	1.68
2014	1.66
2015	1.69
2016	1.60
2017	1.58
2018	1.61
2019	1.54
2020	1.49
2021	1.43
2022	1.41
2023	1.44
2024 *	1.45
2025 *	1.45
2026 *	1.45
2027 *	1.46
2028 *	1.46
2029 *	1.46
2030 *	1.47
2031 *	1.47
2032 *	1.48
2033 *	1.48
2034 *	1.48
2035 *	1.49
2036 *	1.49
2037 *	1.49
2038 *	1.49
2039 *	1.49
2040 *	1.49
2041 *	1.49
2042 *	1.50
2043 *	1.50
2044 *	1.50
2045 *	1.50
2046 *	1.51
2047 *	1.51
2048 *	1.51
2049 *	1.51
2050 *	1.51
2051 *	1.52
2052 *	1.52
2053 *	1.52
2054 *	1.52
2055 *	1.52
2056 *	1.53
2057 *	1.53
2058 *	1.53
2059 *	1.53
2060 *	1.53
2061 *	1.53
2062 *	1.54
2063 *	1.54
2064 *	1.54
2065 *	1.54
2066 *	1.54
2067 *	1.54
2068 *	1.54
2069 *	1.54
2070 *	1.54
2071 *	1.54
2072 *	1.55
2073 *	1.55
2074 *	1.55
2075 *	1.55
2076 *	1.55
2077 *	1.55
2078 *	1.55
2079 *	1.55
2080 *	1.55
2081 *	1.55
2082 *	1.55
2083 *	1.55
2084 *	1.55
2085 *	1.55
2086 *	1.55
2087 *	1.55
2088 *	1.55
2089 *	1.56
2090 *	1.56
2091 *	1.56
2092 *	1.56
2093 *	1.56
2094 *	1.56
2095 *	1.56
2096 *	1.56
2097 *	1.56
2098 *	1.56
2099 *	1.56
2100 *	1.57

* UN projection

Births and deaths each year

Deaths have outnumbered births since 2019.

Births
Deaths
UN estimate
UN projection

38.4k94.4k 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Births	Deaths
1950	189,922	66,619
1951	189,537	65,587
1952	192,595	64,959
1953	196,228	64,623
1954	200,076	64,342
1955	203,589	64,092
1956	207,496	64,263
1957	211,611	64,218
1958	216,583	64,247
1959	226,134	64,271
1960	237,331	64,510
1961	248,708	64,904
1962	261,076	64,648
1963	272,383	66,596
1964	274,215	64,899
1965	276,269	64,941
1966	273,659	64,480
1967	271,186	63,944
1968	268,951	63,464
1969	268,725	63,143
1970	263,853	62,029
1971	256,344	61,234
1972	248,481	60,897
1973	238,407	61,023
1974	225,746	60,651
1975	205,205	60,246
1976	185,397	60,011
1977	166,837	59,969
1978	146,966	60,101
1979	142,218	61,029
1980	136,181	61,912
1981	136,877	62,810
1982	157,879	62,010
1983	164,835	62,969
1984	166,484	64,813
1985	170,076	66,844
1986	174,087	68,095
1987	179,208	69,585
1988	187,454	70,831
1989	187,992	73,117
1990	186,612	74,231
1991	172,248	76,848
1992	161,714	78,246
1993	153,222	80,002
1994	148,651	80,043
1995	147,364	80,551
1996	142,228	80,398
1997	151,695	79,866
1998	150,894	79,601
1999	149,197	80,131
2000	142,835	81,699
2001	138,456	81,129
2002	140,095	81,882
2003	135,794	79,619
2004	126,573	82,308
2005	119,602	82,942
2006	111,368	86,851
2007	113,109	88,496
2008	123,199	90,358
2009	130,300	92,756
2010	129,104	92,084
2011	133,028	92,277
2012	127,055	93,191
2013	126,047	96,214
2014	122,707	100,265
2015	123,326	102,859
2016	116,026	106,352
2017	113,772	111,465
2018	114,199	110,763
2019	108,309	112,553
2020	103,465	116,268
2021	98,036	169,651
2022	95,802	113,757
2023	95,938	111,819
2024 *	94,650	113,915
2025 *	93,499	114,797
2026 *	92,314	115,769
2027 *	91,231	116,693
2028 *	90,374	117,762
2029 *	89,461	118,870
2030 *	88,613	119,965
2031 *	87,798	120,998
2032 *	87,028	122,059
2033 *	86,152	123,213
2034 *	85,328	124,395
2035 *	84,480	125,478
2036 *	83,437	126,507
2037 *	82,401	127,610
2038 *	81,270	128,724
2039 *	80,067	129,789
2040 *	78,687	130,898
2041 *	77,314	132,116
2042 *	76,082	133,285
2043 *	74,972	134,385
2044 *	73,872	135,642
2045 *	72,688	136,796
2046 *	71,585	137,863
2047 *	70,469	138,952
2048 *	69,473	139,960
2049 *	68,414	141,040
2050 *	67,401	142,164
2051 *	66,452	143,100
2052 *	65,532	143,721
2053 *	64,563	144,347
2054 *	63,690	144,698
2055 *	62,954	144,831
2056 *	62,181	144,801
2057 *	61,459	144,566
2058 *	60,637	144,098
2059 *	59,958	143,412
2060 *	59,368	142,485
2061 *	58,848	141,155
2062 *	58,272	139,618
2063 *	57,748	137,849
2064 *	57,143	136,012
2065 *	56,513	134,010
2066 *	55,997	132,117
2067 *	55,351	130,285
2068 *	54,693	128,231
2069 *	54,092	126,443
2070 *	53,540	124,669
2071 *	52,961	123,042
2072 *	52,358	121,670
2073 *	51,754	120,194
2074 *	51,114	119,184
2075 *	50,533	118,255
2076 *	49,876	117,438
2077 *	49,256	116,707
2078 *	48,629	116,164
2079 *	48,061	115,559
2080 *	47,443	115,040
2081 *	46,866	114,470
2082 *	46,286	113,849
2083 *	45,732	113,105
2084 *	45,218	112,351
2085 *	44,666	111,357
2086 *	44,130	110,320
2087 *	43,667	109,215
2088 *	43,205	108,037
2089 *	42,791	106,790
2090 *	42,313	105,418
2091 *	41,910	104,141
2092 *	41,454	102,937
2093 *	41,113	101,852
2094 *	40,764	100,732
2095 *	40,302	99,638
2096 *	39,946	98,544
2097 *	39,560	97,471
2098 *	39,185	96,434
2099 *	38,780	95,465
2100 *	38,415	94,396

* UN projection

CO₂ emissions of Cuba

CO₂ by country →

CO₂ emissions 2024: 24.4 million tonnes 81st largest emitter
Per person: 2.23 t world: 4.73 t
Share of world CO₂: 0.06% 0.13% of its people
Change since 1990: −18% −5% since 2005

24 2024

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	CO₂, million tonnes
1950	5.64
1951	6.47
1952	6.28
1953	6.19
1954	5.95
1955	6.78
1956	5.84
1957	13.87
1958	18.00
1959	15.66
1960	13.69
1961	12.17
1962	14.15
1963	13.03
1964	14.28
1965	14.59
1966	15.17
1967	15.74
1968	16.02
1969	17.24
1970	18.65
1971	19.59
1972	20.78
1973	22.38
1974	22.89
1975	27.04
1976	27.20
1977	29.37
1978	30.66
1979	31.68
1980	31.37
1981	32.72
1982	34.53
1983	30.82
1984	32.58
1985	32.56
1986	33.55
1987	33.93
1988	35.62
1989	35.72
1990	29.64
1991	26.96
1992	20.75
1993	19.79
1994	21.43
1995	22.87
1996	23.30
1997	24.82
1998	24.31
1999	24.49
2000	25.30
2001	24.68
2002	25.18
2003	25.55
2004	24.54
2005	25.71
2006	26.78
2007	25.72
2008	27.74
2009	28.26
2010	33.04
2011	29.08
2012	29.48
2013	27.89
2014	27.37
2015	29.09
2016	27.77
2017	24.56
2018	23.02
2019	22.49
2020	21.28
2021	22.55
2022	23.26
2023	23.47
2024	24.44

By source, 2024

Oil90.1%
Gas8.3%
Cement1.3%
Flaring0.4%

Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions

Compare with North America

Country	Population 2026	Growth	Fertility	Median age
Cuba	10.9 million	−0.42%	1.45	42.5
United States	349 million	+0.49%	1.62	38.7
Mexico	133 million	+0.78%	1.85	30.0
Canada	40.5 million	+0.79%	1.33	40.8
Guatemala	19 million	+1.47%	2.23	23.8
Haiti	12 million	+1.08%	2.55	24.3
Dominican Republic	11.6 million	+0.75%	2.17	28.7
Honduras	11.2 million	+1.59%	2.42	24.6
Nicaragua	7.1 million	+1.25%	2.16	26.3

All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country

Air quality in Cuba today

Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for Havana.

See air quality →

Questions

What is the population of Cuba in 2026?

10,892,659 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 10.9 million people, −0.41% on 2025.

Is Cuba's population growing or shrinking?

Shrinking: 44,545 fewer people in 2026 than in 2025. Deaths have outnumbered births since 2019.

When will Cuba's population peak?

It already did: 11.3 million in 2012. The UN projects 9.4 million in 2050 and 5.6 million in 2100.

What is the fertility rate in Cuba?

1.45 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1. Cuba has been below that since 1978.

How many babies are born in Cuba every day?

About 253 a day (92 thousand in 2026), against about 317 deaths a day.

What is the life expectancy in Cuba?

78.6 years at birth in 2026: 81.0 for women and 76.3 for men, against a world average of 73.8.

How many men and women live in Cuba?

About 5.4 million men and 5.5 million women in 2026, or 97.2 men for every 100 women.

What is the population density of Cuba?

102 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 110,860 km². The world average is 64.

What was the population of Cuba in 2000?

11,109,108 (11.1 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has fallen by 2% since, to 10.9 million in 2026.

What will the population of Cuba be in 2050?

About 9.4 million on the UN's medium projection (9,382,000), −13.9% from 2026; 5.6 million by 2100.

What are the largest cities in Cuba?

Havana (1.6 million), Santiago de Cuba (428 thousand), Holguín (311 thousand), Camagüey (278 thousand), Santa Clara (213 thousand). UN figures for 2026, counting each city’s whole built-up area.

How much CO₂ does Cuba emit?

24.4 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 2.23 t per person and 0.06% of the world total; oil is the largest source (90%).

Source and method

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.