CO₂ emissions · 2024

Historical CO₂ emissions by country

Since 1750 the world has emitted 1849.12 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry. What warms the planet is this running total, not one year’s emissions, so countries that industrialised early carry the largest share.

Fossil fuels and industry. 2024 is the latest year the Global Carbon Budget reports by country.

Highest

1. United States434.87 Gt
2. China285.09 Gt
3. Russia122.81 Gt
4. Germany95.14 Gt
5. United Kingdom80.08 Gt

Lowest

1. Guinea-Bissau8.3 Mt
2. Timor Leste12.1 Mt
3. Central African Republic12.3 Mt
4. Burundi16.7 Mt
5. Gambia17.7 Mt

Highest and lowest among countries of a million people or more.

On the map

Tap a country for its figures.

Darker = more CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry.

CO₂ emissions, million tonnes a year

520502005002Gt

The map shows 2024 emissions; the table ranks the total since 1750.

All 213 countries

Historical CO₂ emissions by country, 2024
#
1	United States	434.87 Gt	23.52%	4.9 Gt
2	China	285.09 Gt	15.42%	12.29 Gt
3	Russia	122.81 Gt	6.64%	1.78 Gt
4	Germany	95.14 Gt	5.14%	572 Mt
5	United Kingdom	80.08 Gt	4.33%	313 Mt
6	Japan	69.61 Gt	3.76%	962 Mt
7	India	66.07 Gt	3.57%	3.19 Gt
8	France	40.05 Gt	2.17%	264 Mt
9	Canada	35.64 Gt	1.93%	533 Mt
10	Ukraine	31.24 Gt	1.69%	143 Mt
11	Poland	29.04 Gt	1.57%	273 Mt
12	Italy	26.01 Gt	1.41%	302 Mt
13	South Africa	22.83 Gt	1.23%	440 Mt
14	Mexico	22.02 Gt	1.19%	461 Mt
15	Iran	21.81 Gt	1.18%	793 Mt
16	South Korea	20.71 Gt	1.12%	584 Mt
17	Australia	20.04 Gt	1.08%	387 Mt
18	Saudi Arabia	19.02 Gt	1.03%	692 Mt
19	Brazil	18.2 Gt	0.98%	483 Mt
20	Indonesia	17.42 Gt	0.94%	812 Mt
21	Spain	15.7 Gt	0.85%	220 Mt
22	Kazakhstan	14.94 Gt	0.81%	287 Mt
23	Belgium	12.91 Gt	0.70%	85.5 Mt
24	Turkey	12.89 Gt	0.70%	513 Mt
25	Czechia	12.33 Gt	0.67%	75.6 Mt
26	Netherlands	12.26 Gt	0.66%	115 Mt
27	Taiwan	10.09 Gt	0.55%	262 Mt
28	Argentina	9.15 Gt	0.49%	171 Mt
29	Romania	8.86 Gt	0.48%	68.5 Mt
30	Thailand	8.31 Gt	0.45%	268 Mt
31	Venezuela	7.89 Gt	0.43%	116 Mt
32	Egypt	7.47 Gt	0.40%	258 Mt
33	Malaysia	7.04 Gt	0.38%	290 Mt
34	Uzbekistan	6.75 Gt	0.37%	139 Mt
35	United Arab Emirates	5.82 Gt	0.31%	222 Mt
36	Austria	5.75 Gt	0.31%	56.4 Mt
37	Pakistan	5.74 Gt	0.31%	180 Mt
38	Vietnam	5.67 Gt	0.31%	371 Mt
39	North Korea	5.49 Gt	0.30%	62.5 Mt
40	Algeria	5.48 Gt	0.30%	198 Mt
41	Iraq	5.35 Gt	0.29%	234 Mt
42	Belarus	5.18 Gt	0.28%	55.8 Mt
43	Hungary	5.18 Gt	0.28%	40 Mt
44	Sweden	5.13 Gt	0.28%	38.1 Mt
45	Nigeria	4.71 Gt	0.25%	136 Mt
46	Greece	4.3 Gt	0.23%	53.4 Mt
47	Denmark	4.2 Gt	0.23%	28.4 Mt
48	Slovakia	4.03 Gt	0.22%	29.1 Mt
49	Bulgaria	3.98 Gt	0.22%	31.6 Mt
50	Philippines	3.98 Gt	0.22%	175 Mt
51	Kuwait	3.88 Gt	0.21%	130 Mt
52	Colombia	3.8 Gt	0.21%	92.7 Mt
53	Chile	3.32 Gt	0.18%	78.7 Mt
54	Finland	3.32 Gt	0.18%	29.8 Mt
55	Switzerland	3.16 Gt	0.17%	32.1 Mt
56	Serbia	2.92 Gt	0.16%	42 Mt
57	Norway	2.79 Gt	0.15%	37.2 Mt
58	Portugal	2.77 Gt	0.15%	35.5 Mt
59	Turkmenistan	2.74 Gt	0.15%	81 Mt
60	Azerbaijan	2.64 Gt	0.14%	39.8 Mt
61	Israel	2.61 Gt	0.14%	52.6 Mt
62	Qatar	2.59 Gt	0.14%	126 Mt
63	Libya	2.49 Gt	0.13%	65.3 Mt
64	Ireland	2.37 Gt	0.13%	33.3 Mt
65	Singapore	2.25 Gt	0.12%	53.9 Mt
66	Peru	2.16 Gt	0.12%	70.3 Mt
67	Syria	2.06 Gt	0.11%	31.8 Mt
68	Morocco	2.02 Gt	0.11%	69.1 Mt
69	New Zealand	2.01 Gt	0.11%	32.5 Mt
70	Bangladesh	2 Gt	0.11%	108 Mt
71	Cuba	1.81 Gt	0.10%	24.4 Mt
72	Hong Kong	1.75 Gt	0.09%	33.3 Mt
73	Trinidad and Tobago	1.71 Gt	0.09%	34.6 Mt
74	Oman	1.67 Gt	0.09%	82.7 Mt
75	Estonia	1.67 Gt	0.09%	8.3 Mt
76	Lithuania	1.61 Gt	0.09%	12.5 Mt
77	Ecuador	1.39 Gt	0.08%	46 Mt
78	Moldova	1.36 Gt	0.07%	5.3 Mt
79	Croatia	1.18 Gt	0.06%	18.5 Mt
80	Bahrain	1.11 Gt	0.06%	39 Mt
81	Tunisia	1.07 Gt	0.06%	32.7 Mt
82	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.04 Gt	0.06%	19.4 Mt
83	Latvia	981 Mt	0.05%	6.5 Mt
84	Slovenia	911 Mt	0.05%	12.8 Mt
85	Kyrgyzstan	883 Mt	0.05%	11.8 Mt
86	Dominican Republic	869 Mt	0.05%	33.1 Mt
87	Mongolia	862 Mt	0.05%	44.7 Mt
88	Zimbabwe	833 Mt	0.05%	13.7 Mt
89	Lebanon	795 Mt	0.04%	15.7 Mt
90	Jordan	793 Mt	0.04%	23.2 Mt
91	Luxembourg	783 Mt	0.04%	7 Mt
92	Angola	740 Mt	0.04%	22.3 Mt
93	Myanmar	728 Mt	0.04%	31.6 Mt
94	Yemen	708 Mt	0.04%	10.1 Mt
95	Georgia	662 Mt	0.04%	11.8 Mt
96	Bolivia	641 Mt	0.03%	28.7 Mt
97	Sri Lanka	568 Mt	0.03%	20.8 Mt
98	Kenya	551 Mt	0.03%	21.2 Mt
99	North Macedonia	538 Mt	0.03%	6.6 Mt
100	Curacao	532 Mt	0.03%	2.3 Mt
101	Tajikistan	518 Mt	0.03%	10.7 Mt
102	Sudan	517 Mt	0.03%	17.8 Mt
103	Guatemala	516 Mt	0.03%	19.9 Mt
104	Jamaica	485 Mt	0.03%	8.4 Mt
105	Uruguay	477 Mt	0.03%	8 Mt
106	Brunei	428 Mt	0.02%	12.1 Mt
107	Ghana	427 Mt	0.02%	21 Mt
108	Armenia	407 Mt	0.02%	7.4 Mt
109	Côte d'Ivoire	400 Mt	0.02%	14.8 Mt
110	Panama	361 Mt	0.02%	12.7 Mt
111	Tanzania	345 Mt	0.02%	20 Mt
112	Ethiopia	330 Mt	0.02%	17.8 Mt
113	Cyprus	322 Mt	0.02%	7.3 Mt
114	Honduras	310 Mt	0.02%	12.9 Mt
115	Cameroon	309 Mt	0.02%	9.6 Mt
116	Albania	308 Mt	0.02%	4.4 Mt
117	Gabon	307 Mt	0.02%	5.4 Mt
118	Zambia	301 Mt	0.02%	12 Mt
119	Senegal	301 Mt	0.02%	14.1 Mt
120	Costa Rica	286 Mt	0.02%	8.8 Mt
121	El Salvador	265 Mt	0.01%	9 Mt
122	Cambodia	252 Mt	0.01%	21.9 Mt
123	Laos	243 Mt	0.01%	24.4 Mt
124	Afghanistan	243 Mt	0.01%	10.8 Mt
125	DR Congo	239 Mt	0.01%	5.9 Mt
126	Nepal	232 Mt	0.01%	18.8 Mt
127	Mozambique	211 Mt	0.01%	8.6 Mt
128	Papua New Guinea	210 Mt	0.01%	8.3 Mt
129	Paraguay	209 Mt	0.01%	7.9 Mt
130	Nicaragua	198 Mt	0.01%	5.6 Mt
131	Congo	191 Mt	0.01%	8.8 Mt
132	Botswana	184 Mt	0.01%	7.5 Mt
133	Bahamas	181 Mt	0.01%	3.1 Mt
134	New Caledonia	172 Mt	0.01%	5.3 Mt
135	Iceland	172 Mt	0.01%	3.8 Mt
136	Equatorial Guinea	163 Mt	0.01%	7 Mt
137	Mauritius	133 Mt	0.01%	4.7 Mt
138	Uganda	131 Mt	0.01%	6.3 Mt
139	Suriname	129 Mt	0.01%	3 Mt
140	Benin	128 Mt	0.01%	6.1 Mt
141	Montenegro	122 Mt	0.01%	2.4 Mt
142	Guyana	117 Mt	0.01%	4.5 Mt
143	Madagascar	113 Mt	0.01%	4.5 Mt
144	Malta	111 Mt	0.01%	1.7 Mt
145	Guinea	106 Mt	0.01%	4 Mt
146	Mali	100 Mt	0.01%	7 Mt
147	Mauritania	99.9 Mt	0.01%	5.2 Mt
148	Burkina Faso	95.8 Mt	0.01%	6.5 Mt
149	Haiti	88.8 Mt	0.00%	3 Mt
150	Namibia	87.2 Mt	0.00%	3.5 Mt
151	Palestine	78 Mt	0.00%	4.8 Mt
152	Togo	76.6 Mt	0.00%	2.8 Mt
153	Aruba	75.8 Mt	0.00%	0.92 Mt
154	Lesotho	72.3 Mt	0.00%	2.6 Mt
155	Barbados	63.9 Mt	0.00%	1.4 Mt
156	Sint Maarten	62.2 Mt	0.00%	0.72 Mt
157	Niger	61.5 Mt	0.00%	3.2 Mt
158	Malawi	57.6 Mt	0.00%	1.9 Mt
159	Macao	57.5 Mt	0.00%	1.1 Mt
160	Fiji	54.1 Mt	0.00%	1.4 Mt
161	Liberia	52.5 Mt	0.00%	0.86 Mt
162	Chad	51.3 Mt	0.00%	2.8 Mt
163	South Sudan	45.5 Mt	0.00%	1.7 Mt
164	Eswatini	44.6 Mt	0.00%	1 Mt
165	Sierra Leone	42.6 Mt	0.00%	1.4 Mt
166	Somalia	41.9 Mt	0.00%	1.3 Mt
167	Rwanda	37.3 Mt	0.00%	2 Mt
168	Greenland	35.2 Mt	0.00%	0.62 Mt
169	French Polynesia	35 Mt	0.00%	0.92 Mt
170	Maldives	33.7 Mt	0.00%	2.3 Mt
171	Faroe Islands	33.7 Mt	0.00%	0.72 Mt
172	Bermuda	31 Mt	0.00%	0.55 Mt
173	Bhutan	29.8 Mt	0.00%	1.7 Mt
174	Antigua and Barbuda	26.9 Mt	0.00%	0.67 Mt
175	Belize	22.5 Mt	0.00%	0.8 Mt
176	Djibouti	21.1 Mt	0.00%	0.56 Mt
177	Eritrea	19.1 Mt	0.00%	0.74 Mt
178	Gambia	17.7 Mt	0.00%	0.8 Mt
179	Cabo Verde	16.9 Mt	0.00%	0.59 Mt
180	Burundi	16.7 Mt	0.00%	0.92 Mt
181	Andorra	16.7 Mt	0.00%	0.42 Mt
182	Saint Lucia	16.5 Mt	0.00%	0.54 Mt
183	Seychelles	16.1 Mt	0.00%	0.65 Mt
184	Central African Republic	12.3 Mt	0.00%	0.4 Mt
185	Timor Leste	12.1 Mt	0.00%	0.67 Mt
186	Solomon Islands	11.6 Mt	0.00%	0.29 Mt
187	Palau	11.4 Mt	0.00%	0.23 Mt
188	Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba	10.6 Mt	0.00%	0.15 Mt
189	Liechtenstein	10 Mt	0.00%	0.13 Mt
190	Grenada	9.6 Mt	0.00%	0.38 Mt
191	Guinea-Bissau	8.3 Mt	0.00%	0.34 Mt
192	Saint Kitts and Nevis	8 Mt	0.00%	0.26 Mt
193	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	8 Mt	0.00%	0.26 Mt
194	Samoa	7.8 Mt	0.00%	0.25 Mt
195	Turks and Caicos Islands	7.6 Mt	0.00%	0.38 Mt
196	Comoros	7.5 Mt	0.00%	0.55 Mt
197	British Virgin Islands	6.3 Mt	0.00%	0.19 Mt
198	Vanuatu	5.5 Mt	0.00%	0.2 Mt
199	Dominica	5.5 Mt	0.00%	0.17 Mt
200	Nauru	5.1 Mt	0.00%	0.06 Mt
201	Micronesia	4.9 Mt	0.00%	0.15 Mt
202	Tonga	4.9 Mt	0.00%	0.15 Mt
203	Marshall Islands	4 Mt	0.00%	0.15 Mt
204	Sao Tome and Principe	4 Mt	0.00%	0.14 Mt
205	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	3.9 Mt	0.00%	0.06 Mt
206	Anguilla	3.6 Mt	0.00%	0.15 Mt
207	Cook Islands	2.7 Mt	0.00%	0.08 Mt
208	Kiribati	2.3 Mt	0.00%	0.07 Mt
209	Montserrat	1.7 Mt	0.00%	0.03 Mt
210	Wallis and Futuna	0.9 Mt	0.00%	0.03 Mt
211	Saint Helena	0.4 Mt	0.00%	0.01 Mt
212	Niue	0.3 Mt	0.00%	0.01 Mt
213	Tuvalu	0.3 Mt	0.00%	0.01 Mt

Gt = billion tonnes, Mt = million tonnes, t = tonnes of CO₂. Emissions are counted where fuel is burned (territorial), not where goods are consumed. International aviation and shipping (3.1% of the world total) belong to no country.

Questions

Which country has emitted the most CO₂ in history?

The United States: 434.87 billion tonnes since 1750, 23.5% of the world total, then China (285.09 billion tonnes, 15.4%) and Russia.

Why do historical emissions matter?

CO₂ stays in the atmosphere for centuries, so warming tracks the cumulative total. That is why climate negotiations weigh historical responsibility as well as current emissions.

What share of historical emissions is India’s?

3.6% (66.07 billion tonnes since 1750), though India has 18% of the world’s people.

More on emissions

Source: Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al., Global Carbon Project), via Our World in Data’s CO2 and greenhouse gas dataset (CC BY 4.0). Fossil CO₂ from coal, oil, gas, cement, flaring and other industry; land-use change is excluded.