Population · Europe

Poland population 2026

Right now · estimate

37,792,252

Births today: 0
Deaths today: 0
Births this year: 237,882
Births minus deaths this year: -114,086

Poland has an estimated 37,843,188 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 297,722 fewer than a year earlier (−0.78%). It is the 42nd most populous country in the world. Its population peaked in 2023 at 38.8 million and is projected to fall to 32.8 million by 2050.

UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.

Rank in the world

Year	Population	Rank
1950	24.8 million	19th
2000	38.3 million	30th
2026*	37.8 million	42nd
2050*	32.8 million	59th
2100*	19.3 million	79th

* UN medium-variant projection. Ranks among 237 countries and areas.

Poland in numbers, 2026

Births in 2026: 283 thousand 776 a day
Deaths in 2026: 419 thousand 1,148 a day
Net migration: −8 thousand more departures than arrivals
Growth rate: −0.38% shrinking
Fertility rate: 1.31per woman below replacement (2.1)
Median age: 43.0years world: 31.1
Life expectancy: 79.2years
Aged 65 and over: 21.3% 31.8% by 2050

Land, people and health

Capital: Warsaw
Area: 312,685 km² 70th largest of 237
Population density: 124per km² 102nd most crowded
Urban population: 60.2% 72.1% by 2050
Men and women: 18.3 million / 19.5 million 93.8 men per 100 women
Life expectancy, women: 82.7years men: 75.5 years
Infant mortality: 3.1per 1,000 births under-5: 3.6
Birth rate: 7.5per 1,000 death rate: 11.1
Net migration rate: −0.2per 1,000 net departures

Population of Poland, 1950–2100

Peaked in 2023 at 38.8 million. By 2050: 32.8 million (−13.3% from today).

UN estimate
UN projection

19.3M 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Population
1950	24,780,161
1951	25,222,692
1952	25,672,460
1953	26,126,456
1954	26,590,474
1955	27,063,640
1956	27,535,568
1957	28,076,498
1958	28,643,640
1959	29,132,527
1960	29,575,966
1961	29,979,689
1962	30,338,087
1963	30,674,020
1964	30,993,135
1965	31,288,336
1966	31,568,284
1967	31,828,630
1968	32,078,388
1969	32,322,775
1970	32,542,634
1971	32,771,296
1972	33,041,996
1973	33,333,274
1974	33,642,461
1975	33,964,399
1976	34,296,606
1977	34,628,512
1978	34,934,213
1979	35,248,386
1980	35,576,519
1981	35,900,913
1982	36,233,460
1983	36,573,699
1984	36,905,800
1985	37,200,853
1986	37,452,611
1987	37,665,707
1988	37,817,864
1989	37,938,088
1990	38,055,455
1991	38,152,947
1992	38,233,640
1993	38,294,882
1994	38,344,312
1995	38,364,667
1996	38,359,170
1997	38,348,310
1998	38,326,437
1999	38,287,712
2000	38,258,071
2001	38,247,356
2002	38,229,408
2003	38,203,524
2004	38,167,572
2005	38,124,379
2006	38,071,167
2007	38,020,421
2008	37,995,902
2009	38,002,155
2010	38,095,351
2011	38,208,643
2012	38,247,868
2013	38,259,262
2014	38,265,113
2015	38,266,314
2016	38,263,265
2017	38,254,958
2018	38,241,070
2019	38,225,884
2020	38,171,012
2021	38,040,302
2022	38,385,739
2023	38,762,844
2024 *	38,539,201
2025 *	38,140,910
2026 *	37,843,188
2027 *	37,695,020
2028 *	37,538,257
2029 *	37,372,274
2030 *	37,198,543
2031 *	37,018,012
2032 *	36,831,176
2033 *	36,639,819
2034 *	36,443,899
2035 *	36,243,788
2036 *	36,038,937
2037 *	35,829,756
2038 *	35,617,022
2039 *	35,400,130
2040 *	35,179,554
2041 *	34,956,334
2042 *	34,729,708
2043 *	34,499,249
2044 *	34,266,474
2045 *	34,031,059
2046 *	33,792,870
2047 *	33,552,187
2048 *	33,309,096
2049 *	33,063,236
2050 *	32,814,096
2051 *	32,561,485
2052 *	32,306,332
2053 *	32,048,060
2054 *	31,785,805
2055 *	31,520,111
2056 *	31,250,569
2057 *	30,977,834
2058 *	30,702,323
2059 *	30,422,635
2060 *	30,139,158
2061 *	29,852,068
2062 *	29,560,836
2063 *	29,265,319
2064 *	28,965,167
2065 *	28,661,471
2066 *	28,354,483
2067 *	28,044,402
2068 *	27,732,017
2069 *	27,418,153
2070 *	27,103,555
2071 *	26,788,405
2072 *	26,472,932
2073 *	26,157,701
2074 *	25,844,144
2075 *	25,533,666
2076 *	25,226,489
2077 *	24,922,265
2078 *	24,622,711
2079 *	24,328,048
2080 *	24,037,703
2081 *	23,752,655
2082 *	23,472,817
2083 *	23,198,842
2084 *	22,931,401
2085 *	22,670,483
2086 *	22,415,539
2087 *	22,166,289
2088 *	21,922,659
2089 *	21,684,893
2090 *	21,452,557
2091 *	21,225,016
2092 *	21,002,067
2093 *	20,783,174
2094 *	20,567,784
2095 *	20,355,965
2096 *	20,146,819
2097 *	19,939,806
2098 *	19,734,944
2099 *	19,531,649
2100 *	19,329,839

* UN projection

Population of Poland by year

38.3 million in 2000, 37.8 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2026*	37,843,188	−0.78%	−297,722	−7,971	43.0	1.31	124	60%	0.46%	42
2025*	38,140,910	−1.03%	−398,291	−330,820	42.5	1.31	125	60%	0.46%	42
2024*	38,539,201	−0.58%	−223,643	−238,062	41.8	1.30	126	60%	0.47%	39
2023	38,762,844	+0.98%	+377,105	−7,824	41.3	1.30	127	60%	0.48%	39
2022	38,385,739	+0.91%	+345,437	+967,744	40.9	1.26	125	60%	0.48%	39
2021	38,040,302	−0.34%	−130,710	+2,251	40.5	1.32	124	60%	0.48%	39
2020	38,171,012	−0.14%	−54,872	+3,920	40.1	1.38	125	60%	0.48%	39
2019	38,225,884	−0.04%	−15,186	+7,696	39.7	1.44	125	60%	0.49%	37
2018	38,241,070	−0.04%	−13,888	−223	39.4	1.44	125	60%	0.49%	37
2017	38,254,958	−0.02%	−8,307	−21,535	39.0	1.47	125	60%	0.50%	37
2016	38,263,265	−0.01%	−3,049	−5,675	38.7	1.39	125	60%	0.51%	37
2015	38,266,314	+0.00%	+1,201	+3,887	38.3	1.32	125	60%	0.51%	35
2010	38,095,351	+0.25%	+93,196	+119,623	36.9	1.41	124	61%	0.54%	33
2005	38,124,379	−0.11%	−43,193	−41,942	35.6	1.24	125	62%	0.58%	32
2000	38,258,071	−0.08%	−29,641	−15,921	34.3	1.37	125	62%	0.62%	30
1995	38,364,667	+0.05%	+20,355	−52,989	32.9	1.63	125	62%	0.67%	29
1990	38,055,455	+0.31%	+117,367	−50,339	31.4	2.06	124	61%	0.71%	28
1985	37,200,853	+0.80%	+295,053	−27,277	29.8	2.32	122	60%	0.76%	26
1980	35,576,519	+0.93%	+328,133	−42,420	28.5	2.28	116	58%	0.80%	25
1975	33,964,399	+0.96%	+321,938	−31,346	27.4	2.28	111	55%	0.83%	24
1970	32,542,634	+0.68%	+219,859	−66,859	27.3	2.25	106	52%	0.88%	23
1965	31,288,336	+0.95%	+295,201	−21,658	26.5	2.54	102	50%	0.94%	21
1960	29,575,966	+1.52%	+443,439	−6,306	25.6	3.00	97	48%	0.98%	19
1955	27,063,640	+1.78%	+473,166	−28,167	25.2	3.55	88	44%	0.99%	19
1950	24,780,161	–	–	−18,514	24.8	3.65	81	38%	0.99%	19

Population forecast for Poland

UN medium-variant projection: 32.8 million in 2050 (−13.3% from 2026), 19.3 million in 2100.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2030	37,198,543	−0.46%	−5,963	45.0	1.33	121	61%	0.43%	47
2035	36,243,788	−0.55%	−4,055	47.4	1.35	118	63%	0.41%	52
2040	35,179,554	−0.62%	−5,282	49.3	1.37	115	65%	0.38%	53
2045	34,031,059	−0.69%	−4,972	50.8	1.39	111	68%	0.36%	57
2050	32,814,096	−0.75%	−4,478	51.8	1.40	107	72%	0.34%	59
2060	30,139,158	−0.93%	−1,900	52.5	1.42	98	–	0.30%	62
2070	27,103,555	−1.15%	−1,184	54.4	1.45	89	–	0.27%	68
2080	24,037,703	−1.19%	−2,141	55.2	1.46	79	–	0.23%	69
2090	21,452,557	−1.07%	−2,411	54.5	1.47	70	–	0.21%	74
2100	19,329,839	−1.03%	−1,073	55.3	1.49	63	–	0.19%	79

Largest cities in Poland

Urban area in 2026: the whole built-up city, measured the same way for every country (UN, 2025). * UN projection. Largest cities in the world

#	City	Population 2026	2050*
1	Warsaw (capital)	1,877,052	1,783,228
2	Katowice	860,239	698,668
3	Krakow	696,072	651,379
4	Lodz	580,217	530,367
5	Wrocław	506,668	476,556
6	Poznan	493,307	452,857
7	Gdansk	384,027	366,894
8	Sosnowiec	317,017	254,951
9	Szczecin	299,467	283,310
10	Lublin	299,174	284,255

Age structure

Median age 43.0. 21.3% are 65 or older, 31.8% by 2050; 14.1% are under 15.

Poland, 2026 Men 2026 Women 2026 2050 (projection)

Share of the total population in each age group (%)

Births per woman

1.31 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration. Below 2.1 since 1990.

UN estimate
UN projection

1.5 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Fertility rate
1950	3.65
1951	3.70
1952	3.64
1953	3.59
1954	3.55
1955	3.55
1956	3.46
1957	3.50
1958	3.39
1959	3.25
1960	3.00
1961	2.86
1962	2.74
1963	2.70
1964	2.60
1965	2.54
1966	2.45
1967	2.35
1968	2.30
1969	2.26
1970	2.25
1971	2.25
1972	2.24
1973	2.25
1974	2.26
1975	2.28
1976	2.31
1977	2.25
1978	2.23
1979	2.28
1980	2.28
1981	2.25
1982	2.34
1983	2.42
1984	2.38
1985	2.32
1986	2.22
1987	2.16
1988	2.14
1989	2.10
1990	2.06
1991	2.07
1992	1.96
1993	1.87
1994	1.80
1995	1.63
1996	1.59
1997	1.52
1998	1.44
1999	1.38
2000	1.37
2001	1.32
2002	1.25
2003	1.23
2004	1.23
2005	1.24
2006	1.27
2007	1.31
2008	1.39
2009	1.40
2010	1.41
2011	1.34
2012	1.33
2013	1.29
2014	1.32
2015	1.32
2016	1.39
2017	1.47
2018	1.44
2019	1.44
2020	1.38
2021	1.32
2022	1.26
2023	1.30
2024 *	1.30
2025 *	1.31
2026 *	1.31
2027 *	1.32
2028 *	1.32
2029 *	1.33
2030 *	1.33
2031 *	1.33
2032 *	1.34
2033 *	1.34
2034 *	1.35
2035 *	1.35
2036 *	1.36
2037 *	1.36
2038 *	1.36
2039 *	1.37
2040 *	1.37
2041 *	1.37
2042 *	1.37
2043 *	1.38
2044 *	1.38
2045 *	1.39
2046 *	1.39
2047 *	1.39
2048 *	1.39
2049 *	1.40
2050 *	1.40
2051 *	1.40
2052 *	1.40
2053 *	1.40
2054 *	1.40
2055 *	1.41
2056 *	1.41
2057 *	1.41
2058 *	1.42
2059 *	1.42
2060 *	1.42
2061 *	1.42
2062 *	1.43
2063 *	1.43
2064 *	1.43
2065 *	1.44
2066 *	1.44
2067 *	1.44
2068 *	1.44
2069 *	1.44
2070 *	1.45
2071 *	1.44
2072 *	1.45
2073 *	1.45
2074 *	1.45
2075 *	1.45
2076 *	1.45
2077 *	1.46
2078 *	1.46
2079 *	1.46
2080 *	1.46
2081 *	1.46
2082 *	1.46
2083 *	1.46
2084 *	1.46
2085 *	1.46
2086 *	1.46
2087 *	1.46
2088 *	1.47
2089 *	1.47
2090 *	1.47
2091 *	1.47
2092 *	1.47
2093 *	1.48
2094 *	1.48
2095 *	1.48
2096 *	1.48
2097 *	1.48
2098 *	1.49
2099 *	1.49
2100 *	1.49

* UN projection

Births and deaths each year

Deaths have outnumbered births since 2018.

Births
Deaths
UN estimate
UN projection

124k324k 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Births	Deaths
1950	754,898	303,257
1951	774,125	302,258
1952	771,156	301,209
1953	772,912	286,516
1954	772,954	278,598
1955	780,688	273,850
1956	767,196	272,393
1957	780,998	262,043
1958	757,294	257,787
1959	724,264	239,891
1960	667,311	234,308
1961	630,585	229,785
1962	599,261	232,182
1963	583,891	234,313
1964	558,131	232,441
1965	543,012	233,365
1966	526,165	237,097
1967	515,662	241,407
1968	513,725	251,090
1969	523,482	258,690
1970	541,223	272,690
1971	561,963	274,547
1972	578,463	277,720
1973	602,271	276,120
1974	626,273	286,434
1975	649,803	296,147
1976	675,695	307,878
1977	672,238	317,035
1978	676,605	323,968
1979	696,439	335,626
1980	699,317	339,283
1981	687,850	340,518
1982	710,210	341,312
1983	726,595	353,304
1984	704,313	368,280
1985	676,952	377,213
1986	634,304	380,722
1987	605,089	377,652
1988	590,147	379,295
1989	563,423	382,960
1990	547,537	393,734
1991	544,426	397,562
1992	514,078	397,321
1993	492,645	391,220
1994	476,078	387,994
1995	433,588	386,136
1996	423,874	383,988
1997	408,166	380,190
1998	390,824	378,802
1999	377,925	374,847
2000	377,996	371,395
2001	368,399	363,871
2002	355,115	362,432
2003	351,971	360,914
2004	356,549	362,256
2005	364,523	365,071
2006	374,507	369,633
2007	388,199	374,518
2008	411,707	381,006
2009	416,458	384,168
2010	422,071	379,302
2011	397,843	379,596
2012	392,217	382,604
2013	378,663	382,526
2014	382,547	384,906
2015	379,618	384,264
2016	392,402	392,080
2017	409,081	398,803
2018	392,611	408,900
2019	382,207	403,771
2020	359,575	459,375
2021	334,752	502,542
2022	310,232	421,553
2023	317,916	412,310
2024 *	309,612	416,618
2025 *	297,389	418,078
2026 *	283,495	419,456
2027 *	276,095	421,228
2028 *	269,461	423,789
2029 *	263,609	426,603
2030 *	258,896	429,557
2031 *	254,791	432,940
2032 *	253,042	436,795
2033 *	252,089	440,949
2034 *	252,043	445,466
2035 *	252,528	450,324
2036 *	253,729	455,370
2037 *	254,394	460,532
2038 *	255,824	465,681
2039 *	257,296	470,720
2040 *	258,072	475,108
2041 *	258,457	478,734
2042 *	258,491	481,992
2043 *	258,398	484,572
2044 *	257,228	486,292
2045 *	255,216	487,313
2046 *	252,286	487,311
2047 *	248,930	486,665
2048 *	244,726	485,120
2049 *	239,864	483,063
2050 *	234,744	480,954
2051 *	228,984	478,466
2052 *	223,205	475,686
2053 *	217,372	473,145
2054 *	211,640	471,114
2055 *	206,381	469,129
2056 *	201,402	467,681
2057 *	196,633	466,881
2058 *	192,317	466,430
2059 *	188,277	466,765
2060 *	184,928	467,582
2061 *	182,095	468,996
2062 *	180,048	470,894
2063 *	178,296	473,199
2064 *	176,965	475,334
2065 *	175,974	478,204
2066 *	175,356	481,037
2067 *	174,859	483,292
2068 *	174,589	485,169
2069 *	174,308	486,602
2070 *	174,131	487,726
2071 *	173,739	487,463
2072 *	173,601	486,709
2073 *	173,105	485,015
2074 *	172,608	482,162
2075 *	171,902	478,308
2076 *	170,773	474,030
2077 *	169,491	468,571
2078 *	167,841	462,426
2079 *	165,544	455,837
2080 *	163,058	448,410
2081 *	160,399	440,247
2082 *	157,604	431,838
2083 *	154,709	422,961
2084 *	151,861	413,898
2085 *	149,006	404,988
2086 *	145,934	396,208
2087 *	143,040	387,398
2088 *	140,472	379,104
2089 *	137,885	370,562
2090 *	135,704	363,259
2091 *	133,482	356,346
2092 *	131,572	350,200
2093 *	129,979	344,380
2094 *	128,586	339,490
2095 *	127,345	335,101
2096 *	126,234	331,772
2097 *	125,338	329,132
2098 *	124,760	326,924
2099 *	124,048	325,217
2100 *	123,614	323,693

* UN projection

Economy of Poland

GDP by country →

GDP 2026: $1.13 trillion 21st largest economy
GDP per person: $31,186 US$, market rates
GDP per person (PPP): Int$ 60,051 at purchasing power parity
Economic growth: +3.4% real GDP
Inflation: 3.2% consumer prices
Unemployment: 3.2% of the labour force
Government debt: 66.6% of GDP
Share of world GDP: 0.9%

IMF estimate
IMF projection

1.5T 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	GDP, US$
1990	62,401,000,000
1991	80,863,000,000
1992	89,166,000,000
1993	90,828,000,000
1994	104,213,000,000
1995	139,800,000,000
1996	157,485,000,000
1997	157,987,000,000
1998	172,929,000,000
1999	168,657,000,000
2000	172,151,000,000
2001	191,403,000,000
2002	199,694,000,000
2003	218,561,000,000
2004	256,454,000,000
2005	307,158,000,000
2006	345,898,000,000
2007	429,715,000,000
2008	535,612,000,000
2009	440,954,000,000
2010	478,111,000,000
2011	527,848,000,000
2012	498,149,000,000
2013	518,180,000,000
2014	542,266,000,000
2015	479,729,000,000
2016	472,883,000,000
2017	528,497,000,000
2018	594,641,000,000
2019	602,592,000,000
2020	605,930,000,000
2021	689,253,000,000
2022	695,734,000,000
2023	812,959,000,000
2024	921,667,000,000
2025	1,040,549,000,000
2026 *	1,133,088,000,000
2027 *	1,206,515,000,000
2028 *	1,276,008,000,000
2029 *	1,349,144,000,000
2030 *	1,423,386,000,000
2031 *	1,499,881,000,000

* IMF projection

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries

CO₂ emissions of Poland

CO₂ by country →

CO₂ emissions 2024: 273 million tonnes 22nd largest emitter
Per person: 7.08 t world: 4.73 t
Share of world CO₂: 0.71% 0.46% of its people
Change since 1990: −28% −15% since 2005

273 2024

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	CO₂, million tonnes
1950	111.87
1951	121.91
1952	127.86
1953	139.03
1954	147.46
1955	154.11
1956	166.33
1957	178.60
1958	176.69
1959	189.69
1960	199.55
1961	207.22
1962	216.60
1963	231.00
1964	242.87
1965	246.98
1966	252.42
1967	259.01
1968	275.79
1969	293.37
1970	304.17
1971	312.89
1972	329.51
1973	335.60
1974	346.24
1975	374.78
1976	398.13
1977	417.96
1978	430.88
1979	441.31
1980	463.33
1981	409.00
1982	420.98
1983	421.03
1984	432.48
1985	444.51
1986	451.86
1987	463.74
1988	444.24
1989	422.24
1990	376.34
1991	373.37
1992	364.28
1993	364.96
1994	359.99
1995	362.48
1996	377.12
1997	367.20
1998	338.98
1999	329.20
2000	317.31
2001	313.27
2002	305.85
2003	318.73
2004	323.62
2005	322.58
2006	336.39
2007	335.74
2008	329.43
2009	315.89
2010	334.03
2011	333.41
2012	325.78
2013	321.76
2014	309.42
2015	312.55
2016	323.30
2017	336.50
2018	335.72
2019	317.44
2020	302.10
2021	330.69
2022	314.89
2023	283.24
2024	272.86

By source, 2024

Coal46.7%
Oil33.7%
Gas14.2%
Cement2.4%
Other industry1.7%

Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions

Compare with Europe

Country	Population 2026	Growth	Fertility	Median age
Poland	37.8 million	−0.38%	1.31	43.0
Russia	143 million	−0.23%	1.47	40.7
Germany	83.6 million	−0.23%	1.46	45.7
United Kingdom	69.9 million	+0.52%	1.53	40.2
France	66.7 million	+0.14%	1.64	42.5
Italy	58.9 million	−0.39%	1.22	48.6
Spain	47.9 million	−0.10%	1.24	46.3
Ukraine	39.5 million	−0.74%	1.00	41.8
Romania	18.8 million	−0.58%	1.71	43.5

All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country

Air quality in Poland today

Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for 4 cities, from Warsaw to Łódź.

See air quality →

Questions

What is the population of Poland in 2026?

37,843,188 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 37.8 million people, −0.78% on 2025.

Is Poland's population growing or shrinking?

Shrinking: 297,722 fewer people in 2026 than in 2025. Deaths have outnumbered births since 2018.

When will Poland's population peak?

It already did: 38.8 million in 2023. The UN projects 32.8 million in 2050 and 19.3 million in 2100.

What is the fertility rate in Poland?

1.31 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1. Poland has been below that since 1990.

How many babies are born in Poland every day?

About 776 a day (283 thousand in 2026), against about 1,148 deaths a day.

What is the life expectancy in Poland?

79.2 years at birth in 2026: 82.7 for women and 75.5 for men, against a world average of 73.8.

How many men and women live in Poland?

About 18.3 million men and 19.5 million women in 2026, or 93.8 men for every 100 women.

What is the population density of Poland?

124 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 312,685 km². The world average is 64.

What was the population of Poland in 2000?

38,258,071 (38.3 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has fallen by 1% since, to 37.8 million in 2026.

What will the population of Poland be in 2050?

About 32.8 million on the UN's medium projection (32,814,096), −13.3% from 2026; 19.3 million by 2100.

What are the largest cities in Poland?

Warsaw (1.9 million), Katowice (860 thousand), Krakow (696 thousand), Lodz (580 thousand), Wrocław (507 thousand). UN figures for 2026, counting each city’s whole built-up area.

What is the GDP of Poland in 2026?

$1.13 trillion at current prices, the 21st largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +3.4%.

What is Poland's GDP per capita?

$31,186 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 60,051 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.

How much CO₂ does Poland emit?

273 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 7.08 t per person and 0.71% of the world total; coal is the largest source (47%).

Source and method

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.