Economy · 2026

Government debt by country, 2026

General government gross debt as a share of GDP. Sudan owes the most relative to its economy (334.4%); 15 economies have debt above 100% of GDP.

IMF projection World Economic Outlook (October 2026)

Highest

1. Sudan334.4%
2. Japan199.4%
3. Singapore166.4%
4. Bahrain162.8%
5. Italy137.9%

Lowest

1. Turkmenistan2.9%
2. Haiti10.5%
3. Timor Leste13.9%
4. Hong Kong14.1%
5. Azerbaijan16.5%

On the map

Tap a country for its figures.

Darker = the government owes more relative to the size of the economy.

Government debt, % of GDP

30%50%70%90%120%150%

All 186 economies

Government debt by country, 2026
#
1	Sudan	334.4%	$30.9B	53.3 million
2	Japan	199.4%	$4.34T	122 million
3	Singapore	166.4%	$668B	5.9 million
4	Bahrain	162.8%	$46B	1.7 million
5	Italy	137.9%	$2.7T	58.9 million
6	Greece	136.0%	$305B	9.9 million
7	Maldives	130.7%	$8.1B	532 thousand
8	United States	126.8%	$32.64T	349 million
9	Libya	125.2%	$56.9B	7.5 million
10	France	118.5%	$3.55T	66.7 million
11	Bhutan	116.2%	$3.9B	802 thousand
12	Canada	115.6%	$2.49T	40.5 million
13	Ukraine	111.8%	$229B	39.5 million
14	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	111.6%	$1.3B	99 thousand
15	Cabo Verde	109.9%	$3.4B	530 thousand
16	Belgium	109.8%	$773B	11.8 million
17	China	104.4%	$21.55T	1.41 billion
18	United Kingdom	102.0%	$4.27T	69.9 million
19	Bolivia	100.2%	$53.8B	12.7 million
20	Dominica	99.7%	$0.8B	66 thousand
21	Spain	97.6%	$2.09T	47.9 million
22	Brazil	97.0%	$2.65T	214 million
23	Sri Lanka	95.2%	$111B	23.3 million
24	Barbados	93.8%	$8.3B	283 thousand
25	Mozambique	91.0%	$24.8B	36.6 million
26	Finland	90.6%	$339B	5.6 million
27	Mauritius	87.6%	$16.9B	1.3 million
28	Tunisia	86.1%	$62.7B	12.4 million
29	Portugal	85.1%	$375B	10.4 million
30	Suriname	85.1%	$6B	645 thousand
31	El Salvador	85.0%	$39.4B	6.4 million
32	Trinidad and Tobago	84.6%	$26.8B	1.5 million
33	Egypt	84.0%	$443B	120 million
34	Gabon	83.7%	$26B	2.6 million
35	India	83.1%	$4.06T	1.48 billion
36	Jordan	82.5%	$64.9B	11.6 million
37	Austria	82.4%	$617B	9.1 million
38	Zambia	82.1%	$42.4B	22.5 million
39	Congo	80.5%	$19.1B	6.6 million
40	Laos	79.8%	$18.4B	8 million
41	Fiji	78.9%	$6.6B	937 thousand
42	Hungary	78.7%	$266B	9.6 million
43	Saint Lucia	78.1%	$2.8B	180 thousand
44	Malawi	78.0%	$18.3B	22.8 million
45	South Africa	78.0%	$489B	65.5 million
46	Guinea-Bissau	73.9%	$2.9B	2.3 million
47	Kenya	72.9%	$151B	58.6 million
48	Iraq	71.1%	$245B	48 million
49	Bahamas	70.2%	$18.3B	405 thousand
50	Pakistan	69.8%	$450B	259 million
51	Argentina	69.3%	$768B	46 million
52	Malaysia	69.2%	$547B	36.4 million
53	Israel	68.8%	$747B	9.6 million
54	Uruguay	67.7%	$95.2B	3.4 million
55	Namibia	67.5%	$17.9B	3.2 million
56	Gambia	67.4%	$3B	2.9 million
57	Thailand	67.2%	$599B	71.6 million
58	Antigua and Barbuda	66.8%	$2.4B	95 thousand
59	Grenada	66.8%	$1.6B	117 thousand
60	Montenegro	66.8%	$10.1B	626 thousand
61	Morocco	66.6%	$196B	38.8 million
62	Poland	66.6%	$1.13T	37.8 million
63	Saint Kitts and Nevis	65.1%	$1.1B	47 thousand
64	Togo	64.7%	$13.1B	9.9 million
65	Belize	64.6%	$3.4B	429 thousand
66	Germany	64.6%	$5.47T	83.6 million
67	Jamaica	64.3%	$23.9B	2.8 million
68	Slovenia	63.5%	$88.9B	2.1 million
69	Rwanda	63.4%	$18.7B	14.9 million
70	Romania	62.6%	$470B	18.8 million
71	Slovakia	62.2%	$167B	5.5 million
72	Mexico	62.1%	$2.18T	133 million
73	Costa Rica	61.8%	$115B	5.2 million
74	Philippines	60.5%	$502B	118 million
75	Aruba	59.6%	$4.7B	108 thousand
76	Colombia	59.5%	$573B	53.9 million
77	Benin	58.1%	$27.4B	15.2 million
78	Côte d'Ivoire	57.8%	$110B	33.5 million
79	Dominican Republic	57.2%	$145B	11.6 million
80	New Zealand	57.1%	$273B	5.3 million
81	San Marino	56.8%	$2.4B	34 thousand
82	Panama	56.4%	$96.5B	4.6 million
83	Croatia	56.3%	$116B	3.8 million
84	Sao Tome and Principe	55.9%	$1.1B	245 thousand
85	Uganda	55.1%	$72.2B	52.8 million
86	Iceland	54.6%	$42.8B	402 thousand
87	Liberia	54.0%	$5.7B	5.9 million
88	North Macedonia	53.8%	$21.2B	1.8 million
89	Palau	53.8%	$0.4B	18 thousand
90	Myanmar	53.3%	$83.2B	55.2 million
91	Seychelles	52.7%	$2.4B	135 thousand
92	Australia	52.6%	$2.11T	27.2 million
93	Eswatini	52.5%	$6.1B	1.3 million
94	Algeria	51.8%	$332B	48 million
95	Ghana	51.7%	$129B	35.7 million
96	Angola	51.5%	$157B	40.2 million
97	Cyprus	51.4%	$44.3B	1.4 million
98	Burkina Faso	51.0%	$32.4B	24.6 million
99	Sierra Leone	50.1%	$8.5B	9 million
100	Madagascar	49.8%	$21B	33.5 million
101	Albania	49.7%	$32.8B	2.8 million
102	Nepal	49.4%	$45.6B	29.6 million
103	Armenia	48.1%	$33B	2.9 million
104	Tanzania	48.1%	$96.2B	72.6 million
105	Lesotho	47.5%	$3.1B	2.4 million
106	South Korea	47.3%	$2.25T	51.6 million
107	Latvia	47.0%	$53.2B	1.8 million
108	Papua New Guinea	46.8%	$36.3B	10.9 million
109	Malta	46.4%	$30.5B	549 thousand
110	Qatar	46.4%	$203B	3.2 million
111	Niger	46.3%	$23.4B	28.8 million
112	Czechia	45.8%	$428B	10.5 million
113	Netherlands	45.4%	$1.42T	18.4 million
114	Lithuania	44.7%	$105B	2.8 million
115	Mongolia	44.1%	$31.1B	3.6 million
116	Honduras	44.0%	$41B	11.2 million
117	Central African Republic	43.5%	$5.1B	5.7 million
118	South Sudan	43.2%	$8B	12.4 million
119	Serbia	42.9%	$111B	6.6 million
120	Chile	42.8%	$402B	19.9 million
121	Moldova	41.8%	$22.2B	3 million
122	Indonesia	41.7%	$1.48T	288 million
123	Ethiopia	40.7%	$127B	139 million
124	Bangladesh	40.5%	$506B	178 million
125	Burundi	40.4%	$7.6B	14.7 million
126	Botswana	40.3%	$22.1B	2.6 million
127	Cameroon	40.1%	$64.8B	30.6 million
128	Norway	40.0%	$652B	5.7 million
129	Mali	39.7%	$34.9B	25.9 million
130	Iran	39.1%	$312B	93.2 million
131	Switzerland	38.3%	$1.14T	9 million
132	Mauritania	38.3%	$14.3B	5.5 million
133	Paraguay	36.6%	$64B	7.1 million
134	Vanuatu	36.6%	$1.4B	343 thousand
135	Saudi Arabia	35.4%	$1.34T	35.2 million
136	Sweden	35.1%	$745B	10.7 million
137	Guinea	34.8%	$45.3B	15.4 million
138	Comoros	34.7%	$1.7B	899 thousand
139	Nigeria	34.6%	$387B	242 million
140	Kyrgyzstan	34.0%	$26.7B	7.4 million
141	Ireland	33.5%	$710B	5.4 million
142	Zimbabwe	33.5%	$65.9B	17.3 million
143	Georgia	33.1%	$44.1B	3.8 million
144	Bulgaria	32.9%	$147B	6.7 million
145	Equatorial Guinea	32.9%	$14.3B	2 million
146	United Arab Emirates	32.8%	$661B	11.6 million
147	Solomon Islands	32.1%	$1.9B	858 thousand
148	Nicaragua	31.7%	$25.4B	7.1 million
149	Bosnia and Herzegovina	31.4%	$37.3B	3.1 million
150	Belarus	31.1%	$108B	8.9 million
151	Oman	31.1%	$121B	5.7 million
152	Chad	31.1%	$25.2B	21.6 million
153	Djibouti	28.7%	$4.9B	1.2 million
154	Peru	28.6%	$400B	34.9 million
155	Luxembourg	28.5%	$108B	687 thousand
156	Vietnam	28.3%	$542B	102 million
157	Andorra	27.8%	$4.9B	84 thousand
158	Uzbekistan	27.6%	$178B	37.7 million
159	Estonia	27.5%	$51B	1.3 million
160	Guatemala	27.5%	$132B	19 million
161	Kuwait	26.6%	$147B	5.1 million
162	Denmark	26.4%	$499B	6 million
163	Guyana	25.3%	$40.3B	841 thousand
164	Cambodia	25.1%	$54.2B	18.1 million
165	Tonga	24.0%	$0.7B	103 thousand
166	Kazakhstan	23.8%	$398B	21.1 million
167	DR Congo	23.7%	$122B	116 million
168	Turkey	22.5%	$1.82T	87.9 million
169	Taiwan	21.1%	$1.02T	23 million
170	Russia	19.3%	$2.86T	143 million
171	Samoa	18.6%	$1.3B	221 thousand
172	Tajikistan	18.3%	$21.1B	11 million
173	Puerto Rico	18.2%	$133B	3.2 million
174	Azerbaijan	16.5%	$89.2B	10.5 million
175	Hong Kong	14.1%	$455B	7.4 million
176	Marshall Islands	13.9%	$0.3B	35 thousand
177	Timor Leste	13.9%	$2.2B	1.4 million
178	Haiti	10.5%	$39.4B	12 million
179	Micronesia	7.7%	$0.5B	114 thousand
180	Kiribati	7.7%	$0.4B	138 thousand
181	Turkmenistan	2.9%	$83B	7.7 million
182	Nauru	2.6%	$0.2B	12 thousand
183	Tuvalu	2.5%	$0.1B	9 thousand
184	Brunei	1.3%	$18.9B	470 thousand
185	Liechtenstein	0.5%	$9.6B	40 thousand
186	Macao	0.0%	$54.7B	723 thousand

T = trillion, B = billion US dollars. Countries with a full page are linked. Figures for 2026 and later are IMF projections; earlier years are IMF estimates from national data.

Questions

Which country has the highest government debt?

Sudan, at 334.4% of GDP in 2026, then Japan (199.4%), Singapore (166.4%), Bahrain (162.8%).

What is a high debt-to-GDP ratio?

There is no single threshold: Japan has carried debt above 200% of GDP for years, while some emerging economies have struggled near 60%. What matters is who holds the debt, its currency and interest rates.

More on the world economy

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). Reused with credit to the IMF. Figures are in current US dollars (or international dollars at purchasing power parity) unless stated.