Population · Africa

Eswatini population 2026

Right now · estimate

1,274,453

Births today: 0
Deaths today: 0
Births this year: 24,386
Births minus deaths this year: +16,090

Eswatini has an estimated 1,269,859 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 13,685 more than a year earlier (+1.09%). It is the 159th most populous country in the world. It is projected to keep growing until 2063, peaking at 1.5 million, then decline to 1.3 million by 2100.

UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.

Rank in the world

Year	Population	Rank
1950	272 thousand	160th
2000	1 million	155th
2026*	1.3 million	159th
2050*	1.5 million	158th
2100*	1.3 million	153rd

* UN medium-variant projection. Ranks among 237 countries and areas.

Eswatini in numbers, 2026

Births in 2026: 29 thousand 80 a day
Deaths in 2026: 10 thousand 27 a day
Net migration: −5 thousand more departures than arrivals
Growth rate: +1.08% growing
Fertility rate: 2.64per woman above replacement (2.1)
Median age: 22.7years world: 31.1
Life expectancy: 64.5years
Aged 65 and over: 4.4% 7.4% by 2050

Land, people and health

Capital: Mbabane
Area: 17,363 km² 158th largest of 237
Population density: 73per km² 148th most crowded
Urban population: 27.2% 34.0% by 2050
Men and women: 624 thousand / 646 thousand 96.6 men per 100 women
Life expectancy, women: 67.4years men: 61.6 years
Infant mortality: 36.0per 1,000 births under-5: 47.5
Birth rate: 22.9per 1,000 death rate: 7.8
Net migration rate: −4.3per 1,000 net departures

Population of Eswatini, 1950–2100

Projected peak: 2063, 1.5 million. By 2050: 1.5 million (+18.5% from today).

UN estimate
UN projection

1.3M 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Population
1950	271,655
1951	278,604
1952	285,630
1953	292,738
1954	299,930
1955	307,217
1956	314,614
1957	322,122
1958	329,760
1959	337,509
1960	345,337
1961	353,264
1962	361,366
1963	369,759
1964	378,656
1965	388,336
1966	398,766
1967	409,031
1968	419,146
1969	429,874
1970	441,216
1971	453,182
1972	465,788
1973	479,038
1974	492,988
1975	507,672
1976	523,330
1977	540,348
1978	558,446
1979	577,199
1980	596,644
1981	616,808
1982	637,652
1983	658,957
1984	680,782
1985	706,196
1986	734,732
1987	763,811
1988	799,798
1989	837,800
1990	872,428
1991	908,189
1992	943,416
1993	971,318
1994	971,212
1995	970,434
1996	989,842
1997	1,006,635
1998	1,019,652
1999	1,030,782
2000	1,041,414
2001	1,051,064
2002	1,059,441
2003	1,066,700
2004	1,073,158
2005	1,079,022
2006	1,084,436
2007	1,090,705
2008	1,098,092
2009	1,105,153
2010	1,111,650
2011	1,117,833
2012	1,123,863
2013	1,129,990
2014	1,136,299
2015	1,142,812
2016	1,149,507
2017	1,158,195
2018	1,168,929
2019	1,179,874
2020	1,192,729
2021	1,206,593
2022	1,218,917
2023	1,230,506
2024 *	1,242,822
2025 *	1,256,174
2026 *	1,269,859
2027 *	1,283,222
2028 *	1,295,967
2029 *	1,308,350
2030 *	1,320,918
2031 *	1,333,170
2032 *	1,344,897
2033 *	1,356,744
2034 *	1,368,359
2035 *	1,379,418
2036 *	1,390,155
2037 *	1,400,445
2038 *	1,410,501
2039 *	1,420,451
2040 *	1,429,781
2041 *	1,439,044
2042 *	1,448,110
2043 *	1,456,449
2044 *	1,464,370
2045 *	1,472,137
2046 *	1,479,611
2047 *	1,486,494
2048 *	1,493,023
2049 *	1,499,435
2050 *	1,505,331
2051 *	1,510,782
2052 *	1,515,942
2053 *	1,520,481
2054 *	1,524,362
2055 *	1,527,665
2056 *	1,530,611
2057 *	1,533,361
2058 *	1,536,017
2059 *	1,538,248
2060 *	1,539,564
2061 *	1,540,354
2062 *	1,540,953
2063 *	1,541,076
2064 *	1,540,780
2065 *	1,540,153
2066 *	1,539,333
2067 *	1,538,053
2068 *	1,536,165
2069 *	1,533,890
2070 *	1,531,453
2071 *	1,528,713
2072 *	1,525,547
2073 *	1,522,095
2074 *	1,518,055
2075 *	1,513,671
2076 *	1,509,060
2077 *	1,504,249
2078 *	1,499,640
2079 *	1,494,933
2080 *	1,489,791
2081 *	1,484,437
2082 *	1,478,619
2083 *	1,472,249
2084 *	1,465,479
2085 *	1,458,343
2086 *	1,451,217
2087 *	1,444,221
2088 *	1,437,188
2089 *	1,429,871
2090 *	1,422,364
2091 *	1,414,661
2092 *	1,406,866
2093 *	1,399,107
2094 *	1,391,140
2095 *	1,383,009
2096 *	1,374,859
2097 *	1,366,736
2098 *	1,358,520
2099 *	1,349,837
2100 *	1,340,879

* UN projection

Population of Eswatini by year

1 million in 2000, 1.3 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2026*	1,269,859	+1.09%	+13,685	−5,493	22.7	2.64	73	27%	0.02%	159
2025*	1,256,174	+1.07%	+13,352	−5,775	22.5	2.68	72	27%	0.02%	160
2024*	1,242,822	+1.00%	+12,316	−6,754	22.2	2.72	72	26%	0.02%	160
2023	1,230,506	+0.95%	+11,589	−8,549	22.0	2.75	71	26%	0.02%	160
2022	1,218,917	+1.02%	+12,324	−8,549	21.8	2.80	70	25%	0.02%	160
2021	1,206,593	+1.16%	+13,864	−4,242	21.5	2.84	69	25%	0.02%	160
2020	1,192,729	+1.09%	+12,855	−4,242	21.3	2.89	69	25%	0.02%	160
2019	1,179,874	+0.94%	+10,945	−8,439	21.0	2.93	68	24%	0.02%	160
2018	1,168,929	+0.93%	+10,734	−8,546	20.7	2.97	67	24%	0.02%	160
2017	1,158,195	+0.76%	+8,688	−8,658	20.4	3.02	67	24%	0.02%	160
2016	1,149,507	+0.59%	+6,695	−12,481	20.2	3.07	66	24%	0.02%	160
2015	1,142,812	+0.57%	+6,513	−12,582	20.0	3.12	66	23%	0.02%	160
2010	1,111,650	+0.59%	+6,497	−11,334	18.6	3.37	64	22%	0.02%	159
2005	1,079,022	+0.55%	+5,864	−10,330	17.5	3.70	62	22%	0.02%	155
2000	1,041,414	+1.03%	+10,632	−8,563	16.4	4.03	60	23%	0.02%	155
1995	970,434	−0.08%	−778	−3,023	15.0	4.52	56	23%	0.02%	155
1990	872,428	+4.13%	+34,628	+7,169	15.0	5.29	50	23%	0.02%	155
1985	706,196	+3.73%	+25,414	+1,792	14.2	6.28	41	23%	0.01%	158
1980	596,644	+3.37%	+19,445	−3,350	14.6	6.57	34	19%	0.01%	159
1975	507,672	+2.98%	+14,684	−3,794	15.0	6.71	29	14%	0.01%	161
1970	441,216	+2.64%	+11,342	−3,230	15.2	6.75	25	10%	0.01%	160
1965	388,336	+2.56%	+9,680	−1,578	14.9	6.79	22	7%	0.01%	160
1960	345,337	+2.32%	+7,828	−2,082	15.5	6.75	20	4%	0.01%	159
1955	307,217	+2.43%	+7,287	−1,340	16.4	6.68	18	2%	0.01%	159
1950	271,655	–	–	−1,030	17.3	6.73	16	1%	0.01%	160

Population forecast for Eswatini

UN medium-variant projection: 1.5 million in 2050 (+18.5% from 2026), 1.3 million in 2100.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2030	1,320,918	+0.96%	−5,155	23.7	2.51	76	29%	0.02%	158
2035	1,379,418	+0.81%	−5,693	25.1	2.37	79	31%	0.02%	158
2040	1,429,781	+0.66%	−5,989	26.5	2.26	82	32%	0.02%	158
2045	1,472,137	+0.53%	−5,191	27.9	2.16	85	34%	0.02%	158
2050	1,505,331	+0.39%	−5,442	29.4	2.08	87	34%	0.02%	158
2060	1,539,564	+0.09%	−5,631	32.2	1.97	89	–	0.02%	155
2070	1,531,453	−0.16%	−4,599	34.7	1.90	88	–	0.02%	156
2080	1,489,791	−0.34%	−4,297	36.8	1.85	86	–	0.01%	156
2090	1,422,364	−0.53%	−4,056	38.6	1.81	82	–	0.01%	152
2100	1,340,879	−0.66%	−3,902	40.1	1.78	77	–	0.01%	153

Largest cities in Eswatini

City proper, not the wider metro area; latest figure in GeoNames cities15000 (CC BY 4.0), so years differ by city. Largest cities in the world

#	City	Region	Population
1	Manzini	Manzini Region	110,537
2	Mbabane (capital)	Hhohho Region	76,218
3	Lobamba	Hhohho Region	4,557

Age structure

Median age 22.7. 4.4% are 65 or older, 7.4% by 2050; 32.6% are under 15.

Eswatini, 2026 Men 2026 Women 2026 2050 (projection)

Share of the total population in each age group (%)

Births per woman

2.64 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration.

UN estimate
UN projection

1.8 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Fertility rate
1950	6.73
1951	6.72
1952	6.70
1953	6.69
1954	6.68
1955	6.68
1956	6.69
1957	6.70
1958	6.71
1959	6.73
1960	6.75
1961	6.77
1962	6.79
1963	6.80
1964	6.79
1965	6.79
1966	6.80
1967	6.77
1968	6.76
1969	6.76
1970	6.75
1971	6.74
1972	6.72
1973	6.71
1974	6.71
1975	6.71
1976	6.70
1977	6.68
1978	6.65
1979	6.61
1980	6.57
1981	6.54
1982	6.49
1983	6.43
1984	6.36
1985	6.28
1986	6.11
1987	5.90
1988	5.69
1989	5.48
1990	5.29
1991	5.13
1992	4.98
1993	4.81
1994	4.66
1995	4.52
1996	4.38
1997	4.23
1998	4.13
1999	4.09
2000	4.03
2001	3.94
2002	3.85
2003	3.80
2004	3.76
2005	3.70
2006	3.63
2007	3.58
2008	3.57
2009	3.50
2010	3.37
2011	3.32
2012	3.27
2013	3.24
2014	3.18
2015	3.12
2016	3.07
2017	3.02
2018	2.97
2019	2.93
2020	2.89
2021	2.84
2022	2.80
2023	2.75
2024 *	2.72
2025 *	2.68
2026 *	2.64
2027 *	2.61
2028 *	2.57
2029 *	2.54
2030 *	2.51
2031 *	2.48
2032 *	2.45
2033 *	2.42
2034 *	2.40
2035 *	2.37
2036 *	2.35
2037 *	2.32
2038 *	2.30
2039 *	2.28
2040 *	2.26
2041 *	2.24
2042 *	2.22
2043 *	2.20
2044 *	2.18
2045 *	2.16
2046 *	2.14
2047 *	2.13
2048 *	2.11
2049 *	2.10
2050 *	2.08
2051 *	2.07
2052 *	2.05
2053 *	2.04
2054 *	2.03
2055 *	2.02
2056 *	2.01
2057 *	2.00
2058 *	1.99
2059 *	1.98
2060 *	1.97
2061 *	1.96
2062 *	1.96
2063 *	1.95
2064 *	1.94
2065 *	1.93
2066 *	1.92
2067 *	1.92
2068 *	1.91
2069 *	1.90
2070 *	1.90
2071 *	1.89
2072 *	1.89
2073 *	1.88
2074 *	1.88
2075 *	1.87
2076 *	1.87
2077 *	1.86
2078 *	1.86
2079 *	1.85
2080 *	1.85
2081 *	1.84
2082 *	1.84
2083 *	1.84
2084 *	1.83
2085 *	1.83
2086 *	1.82
2087 *	1.82
2088 *	1.82
2089 *	1.81
2090 *	1.81
2091 *	1.80
2092 *	1.80
2093 *	1.79
2094 *	1.79
2095 *	1.79
2096 *	1.79
2097 *	1.79
2098 *	1.79
2099 *	1.78
2100 *	1.78

* UN projection

Births and deaths each year

Deaths are projected to outnumber births from 2077.

Births
Deaths
UN estimate
UN projection

14.9k19.9k 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Births	Deaths
1950	13,667	5,728
1951	13,885	5,836
1952	14,091	5,924
1953	14,314	5,998
1954	14,553	6,060
1955	14,810	6,128
1956	15,083	6,194
1957	15,375	6,250
1958	15,687	6,306
1959	16,020	6,359
1960	16,367	6,420
1961	16,728	6,467
1962	17,108	6,506
1963	17,489	6,559
1964	17,850	6,583
1965	18,324	6,605
1966	18,916	6,634
1967	19,440	6,667
1968	20,141	6,692
1969	20,895	6,731
1970	21,644	6,770
1971	22,422	6,808
1972	23,193	6,839
1973	23,995	6,851
1974	24,821	6,849
1975	25,674	6,825
1976	26,523	6,788
1977	27,347	6,737
1978	28,143	6,676
1979	28,914	6,615
1980	29,715	6,562
1981	30,510	6,536
1982	31,204	6,462
1983	31,895	7,012
1984	32,541	6,391
1985	33,097	6,262
1986	33,336	6,241
1987	33,526	6,241
1988	33,718	6,322
1989	34,859	6,603
1990	35,272	6,924
1991	35,887	7,389
1992	36,488	8,043
1993	36,818	8,772
1994	36,255	9,553
1995	32,973	9,945
1996	32,794	10,937
1997	32,598	11,912
1998	32,789	13,026
1999	33,488	14,068
2000	33,940	15,110
2001	34,097	16,273
2002	34,164	17,239
2003	34,489	18,094
2004	34,939	18,959
2005	35,106	19,160
2006	34,954	18,820
2007	35,081	18,485
2008	35,446	18,171
2009	35,242	17,586
2010	34,313	16,661
2011	33,985	16,339
2012	33,662	15,354
2013	33,500	14,596
2014	32,975	13,868
2015	32,350	13,127
2016	31,753	12,519
2017	31,186	11,907
2018	30,873	11,481
2019	30,546	11,058
2020	30,283	11,385
2021	30,113	12,798
2022	29,999	9,874
2023	29,622	9,475
2024 *	29,390	9,609
2025 *	29,208	9,744
2026 *	29,062	9,887
2027 *	28,909	10,041
2028 *	28,769	10,192
2029 *	28,636	10,344
2030 *	28,481	10,495
2031 *	28,383	10,645
2032 *	28,202	10,798
2033 *	28,053	10,959
2034 *	27,921	11,122
2035 *	27,785	11,283
2036 *	27,670	11,444
2037 *	27,532	11,616
2038 *	27,352	11,783
2039 *	27,205	11,946
2040 *	27,073	12,116
2041 *	26,871	12,291
2042 *	26,677	12,479
2043 *	26,463	12,661
2044 *	26,257	12,848
2045 *	26,029	13,024
2046 *	25,797	13,208
2047 *	25,559	13,398
2048 *	25,296	13,594
2049 *	25,076	13,800
2050 *	24,854	14,007
2051 *	24,617	14,207
2052 *	24,356	14,420
2053 *	24,119	14,634
2054 *	23,908	14,853
2055 *	23,687	15,077
2056 *	23,461	15,300
2057 *	23,242	15,533
2058 *	23,066	15,772
2059 *	22,871	15,999
2060 *	22,652	16,233
2061 *	22,433	16,462
2062 *	22,227	16,690
2063 *	22,017	16,918
2064 *	21,812	17,144
2065 *	21,583	17,372
2066 *	21,366	17,585
2067 *	21,188	17,783
2068 *	20,967	17,971
2069 *	20,752	18,147
2070 *	20,558	18,335
2071 *	20,370	18,505
2072 *	20,163	18,659
2073 *	19,957	18,806
2074 *	19,755	18,942
2075 *	19,523	19,060
2076 *	19,323	19,167
2077 *	19,114	19,268
2078 *	18,911	19,360
2079 *	18,717	19,466
2080 *	18,523	19,541
2081 *	18,331	19,625
2082 *	18,131	19,682
2083 *	17,933	19,758
2084 *	17,730	19,819
2085 *	17,521	19,858
2086 *	17,311	19,916
2087 *	17,125	19,935
2088 *	16,939	19,962
2089 *	16,756	19,975
2090 *	16,557	19,994
2091 *	16,365	20,012
2092 *	16,178	20,010
2093 *	15,993	20,017
2094 *	15,846	20,007
2095 *	15,688	20,005
2096 *	15,525	19,982
2097 *	15,375	19,979
2098 *	15,217	19,953
2099 *	15,058	19,930
2100 *	14,894	19,872

* UN projection

Economy of Eswatini

GDP by country →

GDP 2026: $6.1 billion 157th largest economy
GDP per person: $4,775 US$, market rates
GDP per person (PPP): Int$ 13,394 at purchasing power parity
Economic growth: +3.7% real GDP
Inflation: 2.9% consumer prices
Unemployment: – of the labour force
Government debt: 52.5% of GDP
Share of world GDP: 0.0%

IMF estimate
IMF projection

7.7B 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	GDP, US$
1990	1,201,000,000
1991	1,247,000,000
1992	1,384,000,000
1993	1,453,000,000
1994	1,574,000,000
1995	1,876,000,000
1996	1,776,000,000
1997	1,900,000,000
1998	1,744,000,000
1999	1,712,000,000
2000	1,689,000,000
2001	1,499,000,000
2002	1,394,000,000
2003	2,133,000,000
2004	2,693,000,000
2005	3,084,000,000
2006	3,197,000,000
2007	3,364,000,000
2008	3,202,000,000
2009	3,491,000,000
2010	4,309,000,000
2011	4,685,000,000
2012	4,744,000,000
2013	4,466,000,000
2014	4,288,000,000
2015	3,906,000,000
2016	3,721,000,000
2017	4,467,000,000
2018	4,644,000,000
2019	4,617,000,000
2020	4,136,000,000
2021	4,807,000,000
2022	4,747,000,000
2023	4,621,000,000
2024	4,855,000,000
2025	5,207,000,000
2026 *	6,054,000,000
2027 *	6,415,000,000
2028 *	6,713,000,000
2029 *	7,016,000,000
2030 *	7,351,000,000
2031 *	7,712,000,000

* IMF projection

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries

CO₂ emissions of Eswatini

CO₂ by country →

CO₂ emissions 2024: 1 million tonnes 166th largest emitter
Per person: 0.84 t world: 4.73 t
Share of world CO₂: 0.00% 0.02% of its people
Change since 1990: +9% +3% since 2005

1.0 2024

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	CO₂, million tonnes
1950	0.00
1951	0.00
1952	0.00
1953	0.00
1954	0.00
1955	0.00
1956	0.00
1957	0.00
1958	0.00
1959	0.00
1960	0.03
1961	0.00
1964	0.01
1965	0.08
1966	0.20
1967	0.23
1968	0.28
1969	0.30
1970	0.37
1971	0.40
1972	0.38
1973	0.37
1974	0.31
1975	0.34
1976	0.33
1977	0.34
1978	0.44
1979	0.45
1980	0.47
1981	0.44
1982	0.44
1983	0.27
1984	0.33
1985	0.44
1986	0.46
1987	0.44
1988	0.44
1989	0.44
1990	0.96
1991	0.87
1992	0.83
1993	0.71
1994	1.08
1995	1.06
1996	0.79
1997	1.14
1998	1.16
1999	1.24
2000	1.21
2001	1.10
2002	1.08
2003	1.00
2004	1.00
2005	1.01
2006	1.01
2007	1.04
2008	1.02
2009	1.05
2010	1.00
2011	0.96
2012	1.11
2013	1.31
2014	0.76
2015	0.85
2016	1.02
2017	0.97
2018	1.01
2019	1.10
2020	0.99
2021	0.99
2022	1.03
2023	1.03
2024	1.04

By source, 2024

Oil82.7%
Coal17.3%

Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions

Compare with Africa

Country	Population 2026	Growth	Fertility	Median age
Eswatini	1.3 million	+1.08%	2.64	22.7
Nigeria	242 million	+2.03%	4.20	18.3
Ethiopia	139 million	+2.48%	3.72	19.3
Egypt	120 million	+1.44%	2.68	24.7
DR Congo	116 million	+3.13%	5.80	15.9
Tanzania	72.6 million	+2.79%	4.41	17.6
South Africa	65.5 million	+1.05%	2.17	28.9
Kenya	58.6 million	+1.89%	3.07	20.3
Sudan	53.3 million	+3.03%	4.13	18.8

All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country

Air quality in Eswatini today

Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for 2 cities, from Manzini to Mbabane.

See air quality →

Questions

What is the population of Eswatini in 2026?

1,269,859 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 1.3 million people, +1.09% on 2025.

Is Eswatini's population growing or shrinking?

Growing: 13,685 more people in 2026 than in 2025, with 80 births and 27 deaths a day and net migration of −5,493 a year.

When will Eswatini's population peak?

In 2063, at about 1.5 million, on the UN's medium projection; 1.3 million by 2100.

What is the fertility rate in Eswatini?

2.64 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1.

How many babies are born in Eswatini every day?

About 80 a day (29 thousand in 2026), against about 27 deaths a day.

What is the life expectancy in Eswatini?

64.5 years at birth in 2026: 67.4 for women and 61.6 for men, against a world average of 73.8.

How many men and women live in Eswatini?

About 624 thousand men and 646 thousand women in 2026, or 96.6 men for every 100 women.

What is the population density of Eswatini?

73 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 17,363 km². The world average is 64.

What was the population of Eswatini in 2000?

1,041,414 (1 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has grown by 22% since, to 1.3 million in 2026.

What will the population of Eswatini be in 2050?

About 1.5 million on the UN's medium projection (1,505,331), +18.5% from 2026; 1.3 million by 2100.

What are the largest cities in Eswatini?

Manzini (111 thousand), Mbabane (76 thousand), Lobamba (5 thousand). Figures are for the city proper, from GeoNames.

What is the GDP of Eswatini in 2026?

$6.1 billion at current prices, the 157th largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +3.7%.

What is Eswatini's GDP per capita?

$4,775 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 13,394 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.

How much CO₂ does Eswatini emit?

1 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 0.84 t per person and 0.00% of the world total; oil is the largest source (83%).

Source and method

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.