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Population · Asia

Japan population 2026

Right now · estimate

Japan population right now

122,188,675

Births today
0
Deaths today
0
Births this year
625,925
Births minus deaths this year
-685,778

Japan has an estimated 122,427,731 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 675,748 fewer than a year earlier (−0.55%). It is the 12th most populous country in the world. Its population peaked in 2009 at 128 million and is projected to fall to 105 million by 2050.

UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.

Japan in numbers, 2026

Births in 2026
746 thousand 2,042 a day
Deaths in 2026
1.6 million 4,280 a day
Net migration
+129 thousand more arrivals than departures
Growth rate
−0.56% shrinking
Fertility rate
1.23per woman below replacement (2.1)
Median age
50.2years world: 31.1
Life expectancy
85.1years
Aged 65 and over
30.2% 37.5% by 2050

Land, people and health

Capital
Tokyo
Area
377,835 km² 62nd largest of 237
Population density
325per km² 43rd most crowded
Urban population
92.4% 96.0% by 2050
Men and women
59.7 million / 62.8 million 95.1 men per 100 women
Life expectancy, women
88.2years men: 82.1 years
Infant mortality
1.6per 1,000 births under-5: 2.2
Birth rate
6.1per 1,000 death rate: 12.8
Net migration rate
+1.1per 1,000 net arrivals

Population of Japan, 1950–2100

Peaked in 2009 at 128 million. By 2050: 105 million (−14.1% from today).

Population of Japan
  • UN estimate
  • UN projection
76.8M 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
YearPopulation
195086,443,277
195187,849,926
195289,135,132
195390,324,184
195491,407,672
195592,425,478
195693,342,008
195794,108,977
195894,846,956
195995,622,978
196096,399,754
196197,217,594
196298,076,405
196398,958,231
196499,890,178
1965100,916,019
1966101,887,835
1967102,965,527
1968104,237,471
1969105,475,170
1970106,712,368
1971107,952,030
1972109,238,955
1973110,614,736
1974112,009,694
1975113,321,196
1976114,502,795
1977115,574,277
1978116,576,944
1979117,521,556
1980118,358,756
1981118,994,053
1982119,485,775
1983119,948,947
1984120,384,394
1985120,832,163
1986121,366,735
1987121,943,587
1988122,476,952
1989122,947,413
1990123,399,765
1991123,889,871
1992124,383,708
1993124,839,958
1994125,286,860
1995125,672,665
1996125,975,302
1997126,265,929
1998126,549,181
1999126,801,564
2000127,027,789
2001127,260,148
2002127,484,598
2003127,671,252
2004127,815,774
2005127,913,330
2006127,997,247
2007128,087,682
2008128,155,990
2009128,192,470
2010128,185,275
2011128,096,432
2012127,928,285
2013127,723,646
2014127,486,604
2015127,275,872
2016127,159,951
2017127,064,690
2018126,913,432
2019126,699,424
2020126,304,543
2021125,679,338
2022124,997,578
2023124,370,947
2024 *123,753,041
2025 *123,103,479
2026 *122,427,731
2027 *121,732,341
2028 *121,024,348
2029 *120,308,089
2030 *119,584,121
2031 *118,852,085
2032 *118,114,140
2033 *117,372,474
2034 *116,626,751
2035 *115,876,149
2036 *115,125,565
2037 *114,377,401
2038 *113,633,614
2039 *112,894,531
2040 *112,158,303
2041 *111,422,443
2042 *110,692,358
2043 *109,972,381
2044 *109,259,528
2045 *108,551,994
2046 *107,850,580
2047 *107,157,970
2048 *106,474,329
2049 *105,796,844
2050 *105,123,167
2051 *104,452,458
2052 *103,778,130
2053 *103,100,887
2054 *102,415,685
2055 *101,721,352
2056 *101,018,742
2057 *100,304,740
2058 *99,583,491
2059 *98,848,887
2060 *98,103,219
2061 *97,353,646
2062 *96,600,090
2063 *95,843,769
2064 *95,085,858
2065 *94,324,173
2066 *93,563,620
2067 *92,812,404
2068 *92,067,791
2069 *91,332,807
2070 *90,611,771
2071 *89,911,340
2072 *89,235,968
2073 *88,580,981
2074 *87,952,002
2075 *87,352,846
2076 *86,780,662
2077 *86,232,702
2078 *85,708,776
2079 *85,209,307
2080 *84,729,966
2081 *84,269,888
2082 *83,826,897
2083 *83,397,932
2084 *82,980,374
2085 *82,570,777
2086 *82,169,887
2087 *81,778,184
2088 *81,393,977
2089 *81,013,197
2090 *80,634,393
2091 *80,257,724
2092 *79,879,696
2093 *79,500,582
2094 *79,123,885
2095 *78,747,739
2096 *78,369,011
2097 *77,990,635
2098 *77,612,885
2099 *77,230,867
2100 *76,845,989

* UN projection

Population of Japan by year

127 million in 2000, 122 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.

YearPopulationYearly changeWorld rank
2026* 122,427,731 −0.55% 12
2025* 123,103,479 −0.52% 12
2024* 123,753,041 −0.50% 12
2023 124,370,947 −0.50% 12
2022 124,997,578 −0.54% 12
2021 125,679,338 −0.49% 11
2020 126,304,543 −0.31% 11
2019 126,699,424 −0.17% 10
2018 126,913,432 −0.12% 10
2017 127,064,690 −0.07% 10
2016 127,159,951 −0.09% 10
2015 127,275,872 −0.17% 10
2010 128,185,275 −0.01% 10
2005 127,913,330 +0.08% 10
2000 127,027,789 +0.18% 9
1995 125,672,665 +0.31% 8
1990 123,399,765 +0.37% 7
1985 120,832,163 +0.37% 7
1980 118,358,756 +0.71% 7
1975 113,321,196 +1.17% 6
1970 106,712,368 +1.17% 6
1965 100,916,019 +1.03% 6
1960 96,399,754 +0.81% 5
1955 92,425,478 +1.11% 5
1950 86,443,277 – 5

Population forecast for Japan

UN medium-variant projection: 105 million in 2050 (−14.1% from 2026), 76.8 million in 2100.

YearPopulationYearly changeWorld rank
2030 119,584,121 −0.60% 15
2035 115,876,149 −0.64% 15
2040 112,158,303 −0.65% 15
2045 108,551,994 −0.65% 17
2050 105,123,167 −0.64% 17
2060 98,103,219 −0.75% 19
2070 90,611,771 −0.79% 24
2080 84,729,966 −0.56% 28
2090 80,634,393 −0.47% 31
2100 76,845,989 −0.50% 32

Largest cities in Japan

Urban area in 2026: the whole built-up city, measured the same way for every country (UN, 2025). * UN projection. Largest cities in the world

#CityPopulation 2026
1 Tokyo (capital) 33,338,852
2 Osaka 12,853,431
3 Nagoya 7,116,860
4 Fukuoka 2,213,968
5 Sapporo 1,956,655
6 Sendai 1,249,258
7 Kitakyushu 1,200,468
8 Hiroshima 1,177,860
9 Naha 1,059,406
10 Nara 983,529

Age structure

Median age 50.2. 30.2% are 65 or older, 37.5% by 2050; 11.0% are under 15.

Japan, 2026 Men 2026 Women 2026 2050 (projection)
100+: men 0.0% 100+: women 0.1% 100+ 95-99: men 0.1% 95-99: women 0.4% 90-94: men 0.6% 90-94: women 1.3% 90-94 85-89: men 1.3% 85-89: women 2.2% 80-84: men 2.1% 80-84: women 2.8% 80-84 75-79: men 3.3% 75-79: women 3.9% 70-74: men 2.9% 70-74: women 3.2% 70-74 65-69: men 2.9% 65-69: women 3.0% 60-64: men 3.2% 60-64: women 3.1% 60-64 55-59: men 3.7% 55-59: women 3.6% 50-54: men 4.0% 50-54: women 4.0% 50-54 45-49: men 3.3% 45-49: women 3.3% 40-44: men 2.9% 40-44: women 2.9% 40-44 35-39: men 2.6% 35-39: women 2.5% 30-34: men 2.5% 30-34: women 2.4% 30-34 25-29: men 2.6% 25-29: women 2.5% 20-24: men 2.6% 20-24: women 2.5% 20-24 15-19: men 2.4% 15-19: women 2.2% 10-14: men 2.2% 10-14: women 2.1% 10-14 5-9: men 1.9% 5-9: women 1.8% 0-4: men 1.6% 0-4: women 1.5% 0-4

Share of the total population in each age group (%)

Births per woman

1.23 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration. Below 2.1 since 1974.

Fertility rate, Japan
  • UN estimate
  • UN projection
1.5 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
YearFertility rate
19503.62
19513.23
19522.95
19532.67
19542.47
19552.35
19562.21
19572.04
19582.10
19592.03
19601.98
19611.93
19621.93
19631.95
19642.00
19652.09
19661.63
19672.16
19682.06
19692.03
19702.04
19712.09
19722.11
19732.15
19742.07
19751.92
19761.84
19771.79
19781.79
19791.77
19801.74
19811.72
19821.74
19831.77
19841.78
19851.74
19861.70
19871.67
19881.63
19891.55
19901.51
19911.50
19921.48
19931.44
19941.47
19951.41
19961.40
19971.38
19981.37
19991.34
20001.35
20011.32
20021.31
20031.29
20041.28
20051.25
20061.28
20071.30
20081.33
20091.33
20101.36
20111.36
20121.38
20131.39
20141.39
20151.42
20161.41
20171.39
20181.37
20191.32
20201.30
20211.27
20221.26
20231.21
2024 *1.22
2025 *1.23
2026 *1.23
2027 *1.24
2028 *1.25
2029 *1.25
2030 *1.26
2031 *1.27
2032 *1.27
2033 *1.28
2034 *1.28
2035 *1.29
2036 *1.29
2037 *1.30
2038 *1.31
2039 *1.31
2040 *1.31
2041 *1.31
2042 *1.32
2043 *1.32
2044 *1.32
2045 *1.33
2046 *1.33
2047 *1.34
2048 *1.34
2049 *1.35
2050 *1.35
2051 *1.35
2052 *1.36
2053 *1.36
2054 *1.36
2055 *1.37
2056 *1.37
2057 *1.37
2058 *1.38
2059 *1.38
2060 *1.38
2061 *1.39
2062 *1.39
2063 *1.39
2064 *1.40
2065 *1.40
2066 *1.40
2067 *1.41
2068 *1.41
2069 *1.42
2070 *1.42
2071 *1.42
2072 *1.42
2073 *1.43
2074 *1.43
2075 *1.43
2076 *1.44
2077 *1.44
2078 *1.44
2079 *1.44
2080 *1.44
2081 *1.45
2082 *1.45
2083 *1.45
2084 *1.45
2085 *1.46
2086 *1.46
2087 *1.46
2088 *1.46
2089 *1.46
2090 *1.46
2091 *1.47
2092 *1.47
2093 *1.47
2094 *1.47
2095 *1.47
2096 *1.47
2097 *1.47
2098 *1.47
2099 *1.47
2100 *1.47

* UN projection

Births and deaths each year

Deaths have outnumbered births since 2005.

Births and deaths, Japan
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • UN estimate
  • UN projection
558k1M 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
YearBirthsDeaths
19502,461,534943,057
19512,249,284874,894
19522,109,219800,987
19531,965,540809,778
19541,863,833755,569
19551,818,391726,268
19561,748,021758,727
19571,646,267787,381
19581,726,481717,985
19591,697,852722,131
19601,671,547740,747
19611,642,768728,638
19621,661,960742,514
19631,701,899699,874
19641,765,054701,742
19651,870,176730,439
19661,480,248694,624
19671,976,447705,250
19681,914,791715,319
19691,905,264722,391
19701,952,254743,914
19712,059,491714,460
19722,125,227714,646
19732,184,362734,722
19742,119,055733,957
19751,971,513723,562
19761,872,841722,728
19771,785,579708,673
19781,739,853714,346
19791,676,683707,279
19801,596,738741,742
19811,526,132739,700
19821,495,937731,848
19831,482,119761,562
19841,456,003762,223
19851,390,552773,776
19861,337,256771,561
19871,300,497768,488
19881,263,653808,081
19891,202,924799,919
19901,176,898830,980
19911,183,921835,548
19921,176,074868,979
19931,162,375896,679
19941,203,544898,494
19951,173,598948,966
19961,190,199922,293
19971,185,425940,471
19981,197,529965,266
19991,183,4361,013,753
20001,197,065994,661
20011,180,8351,001,548
20021,163,5991,014,401
20031,137,8901,049,519
20041,120,7311,063,956
20051,078,8111,122,516
20061,095,6881,127,232
20071,093,9071,149,568
20081,094,1301,182,482
20091,074,6871,181,432
20101,070,6001,235,559
20111,050,6001,292,912
20121,037,1991,296,803
20131,023,4341,307,461
2014998,4871,313,099
2015994,8511,328,705
2016967,9601,349,573
2017937,4341,383,637
2018910,9451,410,420
2019864,7811,432,117
2020840,6881,423,305
2021810,6111,485,405
2022786,5761,615,301
2023749,8841,524,430
2024 *750,5701,540,205
2025 *748,1631,551,590
2026 *745,9431,563,215
2027 *745,9551,575,489
2028 *746,3381,585,262
2029 *748,6731,595,398
2030 *751,7021,604,954
2031 *754,9031,613,726
2032 *759,4521,623,714
2033 *763,3611,630,345
2034 *768,8541,638,931
2035 *774,1111,642,991
2036 *778,3691,646,753
2037 *782,2901,648,052
2038 *786,3501,648,500
2039 *788,7411,646,870
2040 *789,2131,642,093
2041 *787,9411,637,336
2042 *785,5541,629,416
2043 *783,2171,619,492
2044 *778,5381,607,663
2045 *774,5601,594,168
2046 *767,3571,580,333
2047 *758,5341,562,212
2048 *749,3731,546,626
2049 *738,9351,531,499
2050 *727,9441,518,397
2051 *716,4711,505,018
2052 *705,6191,494,449
2053 *693,8731,487,802
2054 *683,4591,481,798
2055 *673,4181,478,040
2056 *663,1471,478,067
2057 *655,4741,479,622
2058 *648,8631,482,299
2059 *643,8851,485,592
2060 *640,3331,489,477
2061 *638,1291,495,675
2062 *636,1701,499,766
2063 *635,4811,501,056
2064 *635,9061,504,033
2065 *637,8291,501,735
2066 *639,3941,498,861
2067 *641,1681,492,413
2068 *644,2561,482,944
2069 *646,3411,469,502
2070 *649,0071,453,731
2071 *650,5511,432,878
2072 *651,0171,411,434
2073 *651,9841,386,876
2074 *652,1351,360,159
2075 *651,6911,332,061
2076 *650,2941,303,915
2077 *647,6151,276,994
2078 *645,3241,249,039
2079 *641,5041,224,560
2080 *637,0071,199,160
2081 *631,9851,176,431
2082 *627,7301,155,125
2083 *622,3431,135,611
2084 *615,8001,117,264
2085 *610,3901,101,915
2086 *604,4591,087,028
2087 *597,9071,073,918
2088 *592,2021,061,775
2089 *586,6551,051,434
2090 *581,8641,043,653
2091 *577,5851,035,942
2092 *573,4291,031,434
2093 *569,2511,027,469
2094 *565,9171,024,748
2095 *562,9941,022,338
2096 *561,5401,020,299
2097 *560,4231,018,954
2098 *560,3541,018,552
2099 *558,4231,018,700
2100 *558,2091,016,916

* UN projection

Economy of Japan

GDP by country →
GDP 2026
$4.34 trillion 4th largest economy
GDP per person
$35,400 US$, market rates
GDP per person (PPP)
Int$ 59,712 at purchasing power parity
Economic growth
+0.7% real GDP
Inflation
2.0% consumer prices
Unemployment
2.5% of the labour force
Government debt
199.4% of GDP
Share of world GDP
3.4%
GDP of Japan, current US dollars
  • IMF estimate
  • IMF projection
5T 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
YearGDP, US$
19903,258,697,000,000
19913,731,419,000,000
19924,071,656,000,000
19934,640,603,000,000
19945,104,062,000,000
19955,639,651,000,000
19965,021,444,000,000
19974,579,783,000,000
19984,150,360,000,000
19994,688,982,000,000
20005,042,382,000,000
20014,438,791,000,000
20024,245,946,000,000
20034,573,415,000,000
20044,941,505,000,000
20054,875,649,000,000
20064,648,058,000,000
20074,624,668,000,000
20085,160,198,000,000
20095,336,766,000,000
20105,811,577,000,000
20116,279,423,000,000
20126,333,803,000,000
20135,272,297,000,000
20144,985,764,000,000
20154,534,438,000,000
20165,110,357,000,000
20175,038,232,000,000
20185,154,293,000,000
20195,245,755,000,000
20205,189,197,000,000
20215,227,016,000,000
20224,444,939,000,000
20234,389,312,000,000
20244,207,630,000,000
20254,453,094,000,000
2026 *4,341,986,000,000
2027 *4,467,610,000,000
2028 *4,647,178,000,000
2029 *4,771,837,000,000
2030 *4,879,015,000,000
2031 *4,999,053,000,000

* IMF projection

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries

CO₂ emissions of Japan

CO₂ by country →
CO₂ emissions 2024
962 million tonnes 5th largest emitter
Per person
7.77 t world: 4.73 t
Share of world CO₂
2.49% 1.47% of its people
Change since 1990
−17% −25% since 2005
CO₂ emissions of Japan, million tonnes a year
962 2024
› Show the numbers as a table
YearCO₂, million tonnes
1950102.54
1951123.38
1952130.36
1953145.87
1954142.66
1955142.01
1956160.80
1957188.28
1958181.42
1959192.92
1960232.83
1961283.13
1962293.28
1963325.27
1964359.35
1965386.97
1966419.78
1967489.92
1968562.57
1969653.85
1970769.75
1971799.65
1972861.05
1973914.27
1974914.31
1975869.82
1976909.58
1977935.55
1978905.09
1979957.15
1980948.55
1981930.38
1982900.72
1983884.42
1984940.54
1985915.28
1986914.05
1987902.21
1988984.70
19891021.30
19901154.85
19911166.55
19921175.45
19931169.33
19941223.16
19951235.87
19961248.69
19971240.98
19981201.33
19991238.12
20001260.20
20011245.93
20021275.42
20031283.85
20041279.12
20051286.41
20061263.44
20071298.97
20081228.69
20091160.25
20101211.09
20111261.18
20121302.11
20131311.88
20141260.27
20151219.98
20161199.93
20171184.39
20181138.55
20191102.06
20201037.29
20211058.50
20221029.64
2023986.91
2024961.87

By source, 2024

  • Coal39.6%
  • Oil36.8%
  • Gas20.3%
  • Cement2.1%
  • Other industry1.2%

Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions

Compare with Asia

CountryPopulation 2026Growth
Japan 122 million −0.56%
China 1.41 billion −0.22%
Indonesia 288 million +0.74%
Pakistan 259 million +1.59%
Bangladesh 178 million +1.19%
Philippines 118 million +0.79%
Vietnam 102 million +0.55%
Iran 93.2 million +0.76%
Turkey 87.9 million +0.30%

All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country

Air quality in Japan today

Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for 19 cities, from Tokyo to Shizuoka.

See air quality →

Questions

What is the population of Japan in 2026?
122,427,731 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 122 million people, −0.55% on 2025.

Is Japan's population growing or shrinking?
Shrinking: 675,748 fewer people in 2026 than in 2025. Deaths have outnumbered births since 2005. Immigration (net 129 thousand a year) slows the fall but does not stop it.

When will Japan's population peak?
It already did: 128 million in 2009. The UN projects 105 million in 2050 and 76.8 million in 2100.

What is the fertility rate in Japan?
1.23 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1. Japan has been below that since 1974.

How many babies are born in Japan every day?
About 2,042 a day (746 thousand in 2026), against about 4,280 deaths a day.

What is the life expectancy in Japan?
85.1 years at birth in 2026: 88.2 for women and 82.1 for men, against a world average of 73.8.

How many men and women live in Japan?
About 59.7 million men and 62.8 million women in 2026, or 95.1 men for every 100 women.

What is the population density of Japan?
325 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 377,835 km². The world average is 64.

What was the population of Japan in 2000?
127,027,789 (127 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has fallen by 4% since, to 122 million in 2026.

What will the population of Japan be in 2050?
About 105 million on the UN's medium projection (105,123,167), −14.1% from 2026; 76.8 million by 2100.

What are the largest cities in Japan?
Tokyo (33.3 million), Osaka (12.9 million), Nagoya (7.1 million), Fukuoka (2.2 million), Sapporo (2 million). UN figures for 2026, counting each city’s whole built-up area.

What is the GDP of Japan in 2026?
$4.34 trillion at current prices, the 4th largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +0.7%.

What is Japan's GDP per capita?
$35,400 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 59,712 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.

How much CO₂ does Japan emit?
962 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 7.77 t per person and 2.49% of the world total; coal is the largest source (40%).

Source and method

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.