Population · Asia
Mongolia population 2026
Right now · estimate
Mongolia population right now
3,569,997
- Births today
- 0
- Deaths today
- 0
- Births this year
- 50,403
- Births minus deaths this year
- +32,559
Mongolia has an estimated 3,556,798 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 39,698 more than a year earlier (+1.13%). It is the 133rd most populous country in the world. It is still growing and is projected to reach 4.5 million by 2050 and 5.5 million by 2100.
UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.
Mongolia in numbers, 2026
- Births in 2026
- 60 thousand 164 a day
- Deaths in 2026
- 21 thousand 58 a day
- Net migration
- +12 more arrivals than departures
- Growth rate
- +1.09% growing
- Fertility rate
- 2.54per woman above replacement (2.1)
- Median age
- 27.0years world: 31.1
- Life expectancy
- 72.5years
- Aged 65 and over
- 5.7% 12.6% by 2050
Land, people and health
- Capital
- Ulaanbaatar
- Area
- 1,565,000 km² 19th largest of 237
- Population density
- 2per km² 234th most crowded
- Urban population
- 71.3% 73.3% by 2050
- Men and women
- 1.8 million / 1.8 million 99.2 men per 100 women
- Life expectancy, women
- 77.1years men: 68.0 years
- Infant mortality
- 8.1per 1,000 births under-5: 10.0
- Birth rate
- 16.9per 1,000 death rate: 6.0
- Net migration rate
- 0.0per 1,000 net arrivals
Population of Mongolia, 1950–2100
Still rising in 2100 on the UN medium projection. By 2050: 4.5 million (+26.6% from today).
- UN estimate
- UN projection
5.5M 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 781,688 |
| 1951 | 794,324 |
| 1952 | 807,086 |
| 1953 | 820,272 |
| 1954 | 834,018 |
| 1955 | 848,684 |
| 1956 | 868,482 |
| 1957 | 893,234 |
| 1958 | 919,290 |
| 1959 | 947,411 |
| 1960 | 977,595 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 |
| 1979 | 1,660,658 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 |
| 1990 | 2,164,574 |
| 1991 | 2,202,768 |
| 1992 | 2,239,123 |
| 1993 | 2,273,512 |
| 1994 | 2,305,744 |
| 1995 | 2,335,715 |
| 1996 | 2,363,464 |
| 1997 | 2,389,128 |
| 1998 | 2,412,784 |
| 1999 | 2,434,040 |
| 2000 | 2,455,182 |
| 2001 | 2,477,700 |
| 2002 | 2,500,075 |
| 2003 | 2,521,805 |
| 2004 | 2,542,792 |
| 2005 | 2,563,461 |
| 2006 | 2,584,756 |
| 2007 | 2,607,965 |
| 2008 | 2,634,424 |
| 2009 | 2,665,326 |
| 2010 | 2,701,732 |
| 2011 | 2,745,180 |
| 2012 | 2,795,459 |
| 2013 | 2,851,881 |
| 2014 | 2,913,038 |
| 2015 | 2,976,526 |
| 2016 | 3,040,812 |
| 2017 | 3,104,364 |
| 2018 | 3,167,706 |
| 2019 | 3,232,114 |
| 2020 | 3,290,786 |
| 2021 | 3,339,674 |
| 2022 | 3,386,015 |
| 2023 | 3,431,932 |
| 2024 * | 3,475,540 |
| 2025 * | 3,517,100 |
| 2026 * | 3,556,798 |
| 2027 * | 3,595,192 |
| 2028 * | 3,632,657 |
| 2029 * | 3,669,206 |
| 2030 * | 3,705,231 |
| 2031 * | 3,740,962 |
| 2032 * | 3,776,884 |
| 2033 * | 3,813,628 |
| 2034 * | 3,851,294 |
| 2035 * | 3,889,776 |
| 2036 * | 3,929,165 |
| 2037 * | 3,969,718 |
| 2038 * | 4,011,054 |
| 2039 * | 4,053,024 |
| 2040 * | 4,095,554 |
| 2041 * | 4,138,388 |
| 2042 * | 4,181,468 |
| 2043 * | 4,224,213 |
| 2044 * | 4,266,562 |
| 2045 * | 4,308,779 |
| 2046 * | 4,350,072 |
| 2047 * | 4,389,974 |
| 2048 * | 4,428,529 |
| 2049 * | 4,465,792 |
| 2050 * | 4,501,493 |
| 2051 * | 4,535,764 |
| 2052 * | 4,568,908 |
| 2053 * | 4,600,788 |
| 2054 * | 4,631,376 |
| 2055 * | 4,660,484 |
| 2056 * | 4,688,376 |
| 2057 * | 4,715,619 |
| 2058 * | 4,741,996 |
| 2059 * | 4,767,527 |
| 2060 * | 4,792,868 |
| 2061 * | 4,817,600 |
| 2062 * | 4,841,662 |
| 2063 * | 4,865,579 |
| 2064 * | 4,889,510 |
| 2065 * | 4,913,694 |
| 2066 * | 4,938,268 |
| 2067 * | 4,962,510 |
| 2068 * | 4,986,209 |
| 2069 * | 5,009,634 |
| 2070 * | 5,033,086 |
| 2071 * | 5,056,444 |
| 2072 * | 5,079,250 |
| 2073 * | 5,101,964 |
| 2074 * | 5,124,538 |
| 2075 * | 5,146,741 |
| 2076 * | 5,168,630 |
| 2077 * | 5,189,726 |
| 2078 * | 5,210,722 |
| 2079 * | 5,231,558 |
| 2080 * | 5,251,327 |
| 2081 * | 5,270,338 |
| 2082 * | 5,288,540 |
| 2083 * | 5,306,324 |
| 2084 * | 5,323,784 |
| 2085 * | 5,340,800 |
| 2086 * | 5,356,984 |
| 2087 * | 5,372,448 |
| 2088 * | 5,387,957 |
| 2089 * | 5,403,238 |
| 2090 * | 5,417,910 |
| 2091 * | 5,431,669 |
| 2092 * | 5,444,684 |
| 2093 * | 5,457,048 |
| 2094 * | 5,468,580 |
| 2095 * | 5,479,663 |
| 2096 * | 5,489,754 |
| 2097 * | 5,498,609 |
| 2098 * | 5,506,722 |
| 2099 * | 5,513,624 |
| 2100 * | 5,519,345 |
* UN projection
Population of Mongolia by year
2.5 million in 2000, 3.6 million in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.
| Year | Population | Yearly change | Change | Net migrants | Median age | Fertility | Density (km²) | Urban | World share | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026* | 3,556,798 | +1.13% | +39,698 | +12 | 27.0 | 2.54 | 2 | 71% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 2025* | 3,517,100 | +1.20% | +41,560 | +79 | 26.9 | 2.58 | 2 | 71% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 2024* | 3,475,540 | +1.27% | +43,608 | +83 | 26.9 | 2.63 | 2 | 71% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 2023 | 3,431,932 | +1.36% | +45,917 | +0 | 26.8 | 2.69 | 2 | 70% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 2022 | 3,386,015 | +1.39% | +46,341 | +0 | 26.6 | 2.75 | 2 | 70% | 0.04% | 134 |
| 2021 | 3,339,674 | +1.49% | +48,888 | +0 | 26.5 | 2.83 | 2 | 69% | 0.04% | 134 |
| 2020 | 3,290,786 | +1.82% | +58,672 | +0 | 26.4 | 2.95 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 135 |
| 2019 | 3,232,114 | +2.03% | +64,408 | +8,660 | 26.3 | 3.01 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 136 |
| 2018 | 3,167,706 | +2.04% | +63,342 | +7,811 | 26.2 | 2.92 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 136 |
| 2017 | 3,104,364 | +2.09% | +63,552 | +6,831 | 26.1 | 2.89 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 137 |
| 2016 | 3,040,812 | +2.16% | +64,286 | +5,633 | 25.9 | 2.96 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 137 |
| 2015 | 2,976,526 | +2.18% | +63,488 | +4,307 | 25.7 | 3.01 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 137 |
| 2010 | 2,701,732 | +1.37% | +36,406 | −6,444 | 24.4 | 2.52 | 2 | 68% | 0.04% | 141 |
| 2005 | 2,563,461 | +0.81% | +20,669 | −8,924 | 22.7 | 1.99 | 2 | 62% | 0.04% | 139 |
| 2000 | 2,455,182 | +0.87% | +21,142 | −11,241 | 20.7 | 2.25 | 2 | 57% | 0.04% | 138 |
| 1995 | 2,335,715 | +1.30% | +29,971 | −7,346 | 19.0 | 2.74 | 2 | 57% | 0.04% | 137 |
| 1990 | 2,164,574 | +1.90% | +40,389 | −11,881 | 17.9 | 4.21 | 1 | 57% | 0.04% | 136 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 | +2.52% | +47,165 | −1,719 | 17.4 | 5.26 | 1 | 56% | 0.04% | 138 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 | +2.45% | +40,677 | −1,268 | 16.6 | 6.21 | 1 | 52% | 0.04% | 138 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 | +2.92% | +42,246 | +6,556 | 15.9 | 7.07 | 1 | 49% | 0.04% | 138 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 | +2.61% | +32,988 | +3,263 | 16.4 | 7.31 | 1 | 45% | 0.04% | 139 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 | +2.81% | +30,943 | +5,610 | 19.3 | 7.38 | 1 | 42% | 0.03% | 139 |
| 1960 | 977,595 | +3.19% | +30,184 | +10,334 | 21.7 | 6.82 | 1 | 37% | 0.03% | 140 |
| 1955 | 848,684 | +1.76% | +14,666 | +0 | 22.8 | 6.06 | 1 | 27% | 0.03% | 141 |
| 1950 | 781,688 | – | – | +0 | 23.9 | 5.50 | 1 | 20% | 0.03% | 140 |
Population forecast for Mongolia
UN medium-variant projection: 4.5 million in 2050 (+26.6% from 2026), 5.5 million in 2100.
| Year | Population | Yearly change | Net migrants | Median age | Fertility | Density (km²) | Urban | World share | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2030 | 3,705,231 | +0.98% | +35 | 27.0 | 2.39 | 2 | 72% | 0.04% | 133 |
| 2035 | 3,889,776 | +1.00% | −320 | 27.3 | 2.25 | 3 | 73% | 0.04% | 131 |
| 2040 | 4,095,554 | +1.05% | −181 | 28.5 | 2.14 | 3 | 73% | 0.04% | 131 |
| 2045 | 4,308,779 | +0.99% | +923 | 30.2 | 2.05 | 3 | 73% | 0.05% | 131 |
| 2050 | 4,501,493 | +0.80% | −253 | 32.0 | 1.99 | 3 | 73% | 0.05% | 132 |
| 2060 | 4,792,868 | +0.53% | +1,252 | 34.7 | 1.91 | 3 | – | 0.05% | 132 |
| 2070 | 5,033,086 | +0.47% | +740 | 35.8 | 1.87 | 3 | – | 0.05% | 130 |
| 2080 | 5,251,327 | +0.38% | +302 | 37.7 | 1.83 | 3 | – | 0.05% | 128 |
| 2090 | 5,417,910 | +0.27% | +157 | 40.2 | 1.81 | 4 | – | 0.05% | 127 |
| 2100 | 5,519,345 | +0.10% | −172 | 41.9 | 1.79 | 4 | – | 0.05% | 124 |
Largest cities in Mongolia
City proper, not the wider metro area; latest figure in GeoNames cities15000 (CC BY 4.0), so years differ by city. Largest cities in the world
| # | City | Region | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ulan Bator (capital) | Ulaanbaatar | 844,818 |
| 2 | Erdenet | Orhon | 97,814 |
| 3 | Darhan | Darhan Uul | 83,883 |
| 4 | Choibalsan | East Aimak | 44,835 |
| 5 | Nalayh | Ulaanbaatar | 39,579 |
| 6 | Mörön | Khövsgöl Province | 39,404 |
| 7 | Bayanhongor | Bayankhongor | 30,931 |
| 8 | Ulaangom | Uvs Province | 30,092 |
| 9 | Khovd | Hovd | 29,800 |
| 10 | Arvayheer | Övörhangay | 29,420 |
Age structure
Median age 27.0. 5.7% are 65 or older, 12.6% by 2050; 30.9% are under 15.
Share of the total population in each age group (%)
Births per woman
2.54 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration.
- UN estimate
- UN projection
1.8 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 5.50 |
| 1951 | 5.56 |
| 1952 | 5.66 |
| 1953 | 5.77 |
| 1954 | 5.87 |
| 1955 | 6.06 |
| 1956 | 6.24 |
| 1957 | 6.39 |
| 1958 | 6.54 |
| 1959 | 6.68 |
| 1960 | 6.82 |
| 1961 | 6.96 |
| 1962 | 7.10 |
| 1963 | 7.24 |
| 1964 | 7.33 |
| 1965 | 7.38 |
| 1966 | 7.41 |
| 1967 | 7.39 |
| 1968 | 7.37 |
| 1969 | 7.34 |
| 1970 | 7.31 |
| 1971 | 7.30 |
| 1972 | 7.28 |
| 1973 | 7.24 |
| 1974 | 7.17 |
| 1975 | 7.07 |
| 1976 | 6.93 |
| 1977 | 6.79 |
| 1978 | 6.62 |
| 1979 | 6.42 |
| 1980 | 6.21 |
| 1981 | 5.98 |
| 1982 | 5.80 |
| 1983 | 5.63 |
| 1984 | 5.45 |
| 1985 | 5.26 |
| 1986 | 5.03 |
| 1987 | 4.83 |
| 1988 | 4.65 |
| 1989 | 4.42 |
| 1990 | 4.21 |
| 1991 | 3.86 |
| 1992 | 3.43 |
| 1993 | 3.02 |
| 1994 | 2.82 |
| 1995 | 2.74 |
| 1996 | 2.62 |
| 1997 | 2.48 |
| 1998 | 2.36 |
| 1999 | 2.30 |
| 2000 | 2.25 |
| 2001 | 2.19 |
| 2002 | 2.10 |
| 2003 | 2.02 |
| 2004 | 1.98 |
| 2005 | 1.99 |
| 2006 | 2.12 |
| 2007 | 2.32 |
| 2008 | 2.53 |
| 2009 | 2.62 |
| 2010 | 2.52 |
| 2011 | 2.60 |
| 2012 | 2.74 |
| 2013 | 2.94 |
| 2014 | 3.00 |
| 2015 | 3.01 |
| 2016 | 2.96 |
| 2017 | 2.89 |
| 2018 | 2.92 |
| 2019 | 3.01 |
| 2020 | 2.95 |
| 2021 | 2.83 |
| 2022 | 2.75 |
| 2023 | 2.69 |
| 2024 * | 2.63 |
| 2025 * | 2.58 |
| 2026 * | 2.54 |
| 2027 * | 2.50 |
| 2028 * | 2.46 |
| 2029 * | 2.42 |
| 2030 * | 2.39 |
| 2031 * | 2.36 |
| 2032 * | 2.33 |
| 2033 * | 2.30 |
| 2034 * | 2.27 |
| 2035 * | 2.25 |
| 2036 * | 2.22 |
| 2037 * | 2.20 |
| 2038 * | 2.18 |
| 2039 * | 2.16 |
| 2040 * | 2.14 |
| 2041 * | 2.12 |
| 2042 * | 2.10 |
| 2043 * | 2.08 |
| 2044 * | 2.07 |
| 2045 * | 2.05 |
| 2046 * | 2.04 |
| 2047 * | 2.02 |
| 2048 * | 2.01 |
| 2049 * | 2.00 |
| 2050 * | 1.99 |
| 2051 * | 1.98 |
| 2052 * | 1.97 |
| 2053 * | 1.96 |
| 2054 * | 1.96 |
| 2055 * | 1.95 |
| 2056 * | 1.94 |
| 2057 * | 1.94 |
| 2058 * | 1.93 |
| 2059 * | 1.92 |
| 2060 * | 1.91 |
| 2061 * | 1.91 |
| 2062 * | 1.90 |
| 2063 * | 1.90 |
| 2064 * | 1.89 |
| 2065 * | 1.89 |
| 2066 * | 1.88 |
| 2067 * | 1.88 |
| 2068 * | 1.88 |
| 2069 * | 1.87 |
| 2070 * | 1.87 |
| 2071 * | 1.86 |
| 2072 * | 1.86 |
| 2073 * | 1.85 |
| 2074 * | 1.85 |
| 2075 * | 1.84 |
| 2076 * | 1.84 |
| 2077 * | 1.84 |
| 2078 * | 1.84 |
| 2079 * | 1.83 |
| 2080 * | 1.83 |
| 2081 * | 1.83 |
| 2082 * | 1.83 |
| 2083 * | 1.83 |
| 2084 * | 1.82 |
| 2085 * | 1.82 |
| 2086 * | 1.82 |
| 2087 * | 1.82 |
| 2088 * | 1.82 |
| 2089 * | 1.82 |
| 2090 * | 1.81 |
| 2091 * | 1.81 |
| 2092 * | 1.81 |
| 2093 * | 1.81 |
| 2094 * | 1.81 |
| 2095 * | 1.80 |
| 2096 * | 1.80 |
| 2097 * | 1.80 |
| 2098 * | 1.80 |
| 2099 * | 1.80 |
| 2100 * | 1.79 |
* UN projection
Births and deaths each year
Births outnumber deaths throughout the projection.
- Births
- Deaths
- UN estimate
- UN projection
59.5k 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Births | Deaths |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 31,712 | 19,018 |
| 1951 | 32,168 | 19,581 |
| 1952 | 32,949 | 20,010 |
| 1953 | 33,745 | 20,324 |
| 1954 | 34,610 | 20,544 |
| 1955 | 36,010 | 20,738 |
| 1956 | 37,429 | 20,895 |
| 1957 | 38,858 | 22,647 |
| 1958 | 40,307 | 21,805 |
| 1959 | 41,745 | 22,112 |
| 1960 | 43,140 | 22,415 |
| 1961 | 44,587 | 22,715 |
| 1962 | 45,946 | 22,987 |
| 1963 | 47,309 | 23,167 |
| 1964 | 48,398 | 23,082 |
| 1965 | 49,282 | 22,917 |
| 1966 | 50,129 | 22,791 |
| 1967 | 50,650 | 22,471 |
| 1968 | 51,183 | 22,165 |
| 1969 | 51,594 | 21,813 |
| 1970 | 52,269 | 21,710 |
| 1971 | 53,197 | 21,661 |
| 1972 | 54,386 | 21,659 |
| 1973 | 55,710 | 21,716 |
| 1974 | 57,129 | 21,832 |
| 1975 | 58,508 | 22,018 |
| 1976 | 59,910 | 22,239 |
| 1977 | 61,485 | 22,490 |
| 1978 | 62,971 | 22,695 |
| 1979 | 64,326 | 22,757 |
| 1980 | 65,395 | 23,051 |
| 1981 | 66,896 | 23,309 |
| 1982 | 68,723 | 23,544 |
| 1983 | 70,667 | 23,747 |
| 1984 | 72,471 | 23,908 |
| 1985 | 73,967 | 24,023 |
| 1986 | 74,369 | 24,039 |
| 1987 | 75,185 | 24,046 |
| 1988 | 75,564 | 23,975 |
| 1989 | 74,965 | 23,544 |
| 1990 | 73,808 | 22,813 |
| 1991 | 70,309 | 21,597 |
| 1992 | 64,473 | 20,641 |
| 1993 | 58,730 | 19,956 |
| 1994 | 56,387 | 19,832 |
| 1995 | 56,015 | 19,825 |
| 1996 | 55,023 | 19,728 |
| 1997 | 53,031 | 19,252 |
| 1998 | 51,540 | 18,566 |
| 1999 | 51,262 | 17,923 |
| 2000 | 51,054 | 17,382 |
| 2001 | 50,190 | 17,345 |
| 2002 | 48,562 | 17,487 |
| 2003 | 47,027 | 17,718 |
| 2004 | 46,781 | 17,974 |
| 2005 | 47,594 | 17,990 |
| 2006 | 51,590 | 17,752 |
| 2007 | 57,086 | 17,356 |
| 2008 | 62,960 | 17,269 |
| 2009 | 66,143 | 17,736 |
| 2010 | 64,164 | 18,318 |
| 2011 | 66,823 | 18,826 |
| 2012 | 71,536 | 18,818 |
| 2013 | 76,956 | 18,686 |
| 2014 | 78,252 | 18,637 |
| 2015 | 78,749 | 18,621 |
| 2016 | 77,152 | 18,637 |
| 2017 | 74,893 | 18,767 |
| 2018 | 74,921 | 19,013 |
| 2019 | 76,120 | 19,685 |
| 2020 | 73,521 | 21,277 |
| 2021 | 70,193 | 24,666 |
| 2022 | 67,247 | 20,082 |
| 2023 | 65,019 | 20,340 |
| 2024 * | 63,101 | 20,643 |
| 2025 * | 61,431 | 20,939 |
| 2026 * | 60,067 | 21,265 |
| 2027 * | 59,151 | 21,635 |
| 2028 * | 58,601 | 22,030 |
| 2029 * | 58,468 | 22,446 |
| 2030 * | 58,755 | 22,874 |
| 2031 * | 59,418 | 23,339 |
| 2032 * | 60,373 | 23,833 |
| 2033 * | 61,628 | 24,368 |
| 2034 * | 63,087 | 24,869 |
| 2035 * | 64,517 | 25,376 |
| 2036 * | 66,033 | 25,911 |
| 2037 * | 67,510 | 26,478 |
| 2038 * | 68,878 | 27,050 |
| 2039 * | 70,014 | 27,598 |
| 2040 * | 70,984 | 28,162 |
| 2041 * | 71,568 | 28,713 |
| 2042 * | 72,056 | 29,301 |
| 2043 * | 72,277 | 29,884 |
| 2044 * | 72,378 | 30,465 |
| 2045 * | 72,209 | 31,030 |
| 2046 * | 71,756 | 31,587 |
| 2047 * | 71,194 | 32,142 |
| 2048 * | 70,485 | 32,688 |
| 2049 * | 69,645 | 33,221 |
| 2050 * | 68,652 | 33,720 |
| 2051 * | 67,676 | 34,239 |
| 2052 * | 66,720 | 34,730 |
| 2053 * | 65,777 | 35,209 |
| 2054 * | 64,869 | 35,689 |
| 2055 * | 64,072 | 36,171 |
| 2056 * | 63,500 | 36,619 |
| 2057 * | 63,021 | 37,077 |
| 2058 * | 62,649 | 37,523 |
| 2059 * | 62,442 | 37,933 |
| 2060 * | 62,399 | 38,363 |
| 2061 * | 62,474 | 38,784 |
| 2062 * | 62,685 | 39,194 |
| 2063 * | 62,955 | 39,613 |
| 2064 * | 63,283 | 39,993 |
| 2065 * | 63,644 | 40,403 |
| 2066 * | 64,087 | 40,792 |
| 2067 * | 64,472 | 41,196 |
| 2068 * | 64,829 | 41,568 |
| 2069 * | 65,116 | 41,935 |
| 2070 * | 65,271 | 42,283 |
| 2071 * | 65,400 | 42,559 |
| 2072 * | 65,427 | 42,873 |
| 2073 * | 65,378 | 43,130 |
| 2074 * | 65,301 | 43,405 |
| 2075 * | 65,065 | 43,605 |
| 2076 * | 64,783 | 43,788 |
| 2077 * | 64,420 | 43,924 |
| 2078 * | 64,115 | 44,012 |
| 2079 * | 63,795 | 44,133 |
| 2080 * | 63,284 | 44,217 |
| 2081 * | 62,894 | 44,253 |
| 2082 * | 62,456 | 44,312 |
| 2083 * | 61,995 | 44,379 |
| 2084 * | 61,613 | 44,469 |
| 2085 * | 61,250 | 44,562 |
| 2086 * | 60,926 | 44,732 |
| 2087 * | 60,626 | 44,939 |
| 2088 * | 60,375 | 45,196 |
| 2089 * | 60,232 | 45,504 |
| 2090 * | 60,063 | 45,903 |
| 2091 * | 59,984 | 46,403 |
| 2092 * | 59,906 | 46,995 |
| 2093 * | 59,870 | 47,682 |
| 2094 * | 59,781 | 48,431 |
| 2095 * | 59,749 | 49,255 |
| 2096 * | 59,689 | 50,127 |
| 2097 * | 59,645 | 51,066 |
| 2098 * | 59,706 | 52,035 |
| 2099 * | 59,649 | 53,011 |
| 2100 * | 59,511 | 54,009 |
* UN projection
Economy of Mongolia
GDP by country →- GDP 2026
- $31.1 billion 119th largest economy
- GDP per person
- $8,570 US$, market rates
- GDP per person (PPP)
- Int$ 22,428 at purchasing power parity
- Economic growth
- +6.2% real GDP
- Inflation
- 11.0% consumer prices
- Unemployment
- 5.0% of the labour force
- Government debt
- 44.1% of GDP
- Share of world GDP
- 0.0%
- IMF estimate
- IMF projection
42.6B 2026
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | GDP, US$ |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 2,678,000,000 |
| 1991 | 2,821,000,000 |
| 1992 | 1,566,000,000 |
| 1993 | 771,000,000 |
| 1994 | 926,000,000 |
| 1995 | 1,452,000,000 |
| 1996 | 1,348,000,000 |
| 1997 | 1,181,000,000 |
| 1998 | 1,125,000,000 |
| 1999 | 1,057,000,000 |
| 2000 | 1,137,000,000 |
| 2001 | 1,268,000,000 |
| 2002 | 1,397,000,000 |
| 2003 | 1,595,000,000 |
| 2004 | 1,992,000,000 |
| 2005 | 2,523,000,000 |
| 2006 | 3,414,000,000 |
| 2007 | 4,235,000,000 |
| 2008 | 5,623,000,000 |
| 2009 | 4,584,000,000 |
| 2010 | 7,185,000,000 |
| 2011 | 10,410,000,000 |
| 2012 | 12,278,000,000 |
| 2013 | 12,582,000,000 |
| 2014 | 12,227,000,000 |
| 2015 | 11,620,000,000 |
| 2016 | 11,154,000,000 |
| 2017 | 11,481,000,000 |
| 2018 | 13,207,000,000 |
| 2019 | 14,206,000,000 |
| 2020 | 13,313,000,000 |
| 2021 | 15,286,000,000 |
| 2022 | 17,146,000,000 |
| 2023 | 20,315,000,000 |
| 2024 | 23,795,000,000 |
| 2025 | 25,370,000,000 |
| 2026 * | 31,131,000,000 |
| 2027 * | 33,769,000,000 |
| 2028 * | 34,881,000,000 |
| 2029 * | 37,083,000,000 |
| 2030 * | 39,706,000,000 |
| 2031 * | 42,590,000,000 |
* IMF projection
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries
CO₂ emissions of Mongolia
CO₂ by country →- CO₂ emissions 2024
- 44.7 million tonnes 59th largest emitter
- Per person
- 12.9 t world: 4.73 t
- Share of world CO₂
- 0.12% 0.04% of its people
- Change since 1990
- +357% +425% since 2005
45 2024
› Show the numbers as a table
| Year | CO₂, million tonnes |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 0.29 |
| 1951 | 0.29 |
| 1952 | 0.30 |
| 1953 | 0.30 |
| 1954 | 0.49 |
| 1955 | 0.59 |
| 1956 | 0.69 |
| 1957 | 0.76 |
| 1958 | 1.14 |
| 1959 | 1.34 |
| 1960 | 1.29 |
| 1961 | 1.39 |
| 1962 | 1.97 |
| 1963 | 1.60 |
| 1964 | 2.04 |
| 1965 | 1.96 |
| 1966 | 1.95 |
| 1967 | 2.15 |
| 1968 | 2.48 |
| 1969 | 2.68 |
| 1970 | 2.85 |
| 1971 | 3.03 |
| 1972 | 3.28 |
| 1973 | 3.47 |
| 1974 | 3.74 |
| 1975 | 4.05 |
| 1976 | 4.39 |
| 1977 | 4.96 |
| 1978 | 5.76 |
| 1979 | 6.28 |
| 1980 | 6.86 |
| 1981 | 6.62 |
| 1982 | 6.71 |
| 1983 | 6.97 |
| 1984 | 6.42 |
| 1985 | 9.00 |
| 1986 | 9.60 |
| 1987 | 10.48 |
| 1988 | 11.49 |
| 1989 | 10.46 |
| 1990 | 9.79 |
| 1991 | 11.96 |
| 1992 | 10.94 |
| 1993 | 9.19 |
| 1994 | 7.87 |
| 1995 | 7.84 |
| 1996 | 7.93 |
| 1997 | 7.62 |
| 1998 | 7.62 |
| 1999 | 7.49 |
| 2000 | 7.43 |
| 2001 | 7.80 |
| 2002 | 8.20 |
| 2003 | 7.93 |
| 2004 | 8.50 |
| 2005 | 8.52 |
| 2006 | 9.28 |
| 2007 | 11.96 |
| 2008 | 11.92 |
| 2009 | 13.03 |
| 2010 | 13.77 |
| 2011 | 21.37 |
| 2012 | 35.00 |
| 2013 | 43.48 |
| 2014 | 29.63 |
| 2015 | 23.28 |
| 2016 | 25.63 |
| 2017 | 34.14 |
| 2018 | 45.32 |
| 2019 | 47.12 |
| 2020 | 42.48 |
| 2021 | 35.97 |
| 2022 | 40.44 |
| 2023 | 44.18 |
| 2024 | 44.69 |
By source, 2024
- Coal86.7%
- Oil12.0%
- Cement1.3%
Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions
Compare with Asia
| Country | Population 2026 | Growth | Fertility | Median age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolia | 3.6 million | +1.09% | 2.54 | 27.0 |
| China | 1.41 billion | −0.22% | 1.03 | 40.6 |
| Indonesia | 288 million | +0.74% | 2.08 | 30.7 |
| Pakistan | 259 million | +1.59% | 3.44 | 20.8 |
| Bangladesh | 178 million | +1.19% | 2.09 | 26.3 |
| Japan | 122 million | −0.56% | 1.23 | 50.2 |
| Philippines | 118 million | +0.79% | 1.86 | 26.6 |
| Vietnam | 102 million | +0.55% | 1.86 | 33.9 |
| Iran | 93.2 million | +0.76% | 1.66 | 34.5 |
All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country
Air quality in Mongolia today
Hourly AQI and a 48-hour forecast for Ulan Bator.
Questions
What is the population of Mongolia in 2026?
3,556,798 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 3.6 million people, +1.13% on 2025.
Is Mongolia's population growing or shrinking?
Growing: 39,698 more people in 2026 than in 2025, with 164 births and 58 deaths a day and net migration of +12 a year.
When will Mongolia's population peak?
Not this century on the UN's medium projection: 4.5 million in 2050 and 5.5 million in 2100, still rising.
What is the fertility rate in Mongolia?
2.54 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1.
How many babies are born in Mongolia every day?
About 164 a day (60 thousand in 2026), against about 58 deaths a day.
What is the life expectancy in Mongolia?
72.5 years at birth in 2026: 77.1 for women and 68.0 for men, against a world average of 73.8.
How many men and women live in Mongolia?
About 1.8 million men and 1.8 million women in 2026, or 99.2 men for every 100 women.
What is the population density of Mongolia?
2 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 1,565,000 km². The world average is 64.
What was the population of Mongolia in 2000?
2,455,182 (2.5 million), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has grown by 45% since, to 3.6 million in 2026.
What will the population of Mongolia be in 2050?
About 4.5 million on the UN's medium projection (4,501,493), +26.6% from 2026; 5.5 million by 2100.
What are the largest cities in Mongolia?
Ulan Bator (845 thousand), Erdenet (98 thousand), Darhan (84 thousand), Choibalsan (45 thousand), Nalayh (40 thousand). Figures are for the city proper, from GeoNames.
What is the GDP of Mongolia in 2026?
$31.1 billion at current prices, the 119th largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +6.2%.
What is Mongolia's GDP per capita?
$8,570 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 22,428 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.
How much CO₂ does Mongolia emit?
44.7 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 12.9 t per person and 0.12% of the world total; coal is the largest source (87%).
Source and method
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.