Population · Europe

Luxembourg population 2026

Right now · estimate

689,796

Births today: 0
Deaths today: 0
Births this year: 5,826
Births minus deaths this year: +1,579

Luxembourg has an estimated 687,448 people on 1 July 2026, the UN's projection, 6,994 more than a year earlier (+1.03%). It is the 169th most populous country in the world. It is projected to keep growing until 2061, peaking at 801 thousand, then decline to 748 thousand by 2100.

UN projection The counter interpolates the UN’s 1 July figures to the second; it is an estimate, not a count.

Rank in the world

Year	Population	Rank
1950	297 thousand	158th
2000	436 thousand	172nd
2026*	687 thousand	169th
2050*	791 thousand	168th
2100*	748 thousand	170th

* UN medium-variant projection. Ranks among 237 countries and areas.

Luxembourg in numbers, 2026

Births in 2026: 7 thousand 19 a day
Deaths in 2026: 5 thousand 14 a day
Net migration: +5 thousand more arrivals than departures
Growth rate: +0.99% growing
Fertility rate: 1.41per woman below replacement (2.1)
Median age: 39.7years world: 31.1
Life expectancy: 82.6years
Aged 65 and over: 16.2% 26.0% by 2050

Land, people and health

Capital: Luxembourg
Area: 2,586 km² 177th largest of 237
Population density: 265per km² 57th most crowded
Urban population: 94.9% 95.3% by 2050
Men and women: 346 thousand / 341 thousand 101.5 men per 100 women
Life expectancy, women: 84.2years men: 81.1 years
Infant mortality: 2.7per 1,000 births under-5: 3.5
Birth rate: 10.1per 1,000 death rate: 7.4
Net migration rate: +7.2per 1,000 net arrivals

Population of Luxembourg, 1950–2100

Projected peak: 2061, 801 thousand. By 2050: 791 thousand (+15.1% from today).

UN estimate
UN projection

748k 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Population
1950	296,570
1951	298,160
1952	299,901
1953	301,683
1954	303,481
1955	305,312
1956	306,958
1957	308,440
1958	310,038
1959	312,034
1960	313,878
1961	316,342
1962	319,652
1963	322,848
1964	326,232
1965	329,702
1966	333,077
1967	335,518
1968	337,007
1969	338,263
1970	339,332
1971	341,956
1972	346,072
1973	349,201
1974	351,426
1975	353,680
1976	355,872
1977	358,244
1978	361,046
1979	362,894
1980	363,705
1981	364,485
1982	365,056
1983	365,490
1984	365,897
1985	366,661
1986	368,406
1987	370,790
1988	373,783
1989	377,378
1990	381,700
1991	386,817
1992	391,964
1993	397,200
1994	402,590
1995	408,227
1996	413,776
1997	418,968
1998	424,154
1999	429,897
2000	436,132
2001	441,752
2002	446,389
2003	451,838
2004	458,296
2005	465,364
2006	472,866
2007	480,270
2008	488,990
2009	498,187
2010	507,410
2011	518,584
2012	530,948
2013	543,354
2014	556,279
2015	569,536
2016	583,506
2017	596,496
2018	608,101
2019	620,163
2020	630,597
2021	640,274
2022	653,312
2023	665,098
2024 *	673,036
2025 *	680,454
2026 *	687,448
2027 *	694,278
2028 *	701,077
2029 *	707,591
2030 *	713,667
2031 *	719,434
2032 *	725,078
2033 *	730,521
2034 *	735,651
2035 *	740,628
2036 *	745,418
2037 *	749,911
2038 *	754,311
2039 *	758,650
2040 *	762,673
2041 *	766,432
2042 *	770,069
2043 *	773,435
2044 *	776,535
2045 *	779,539
2046 *	782,347
2047 *	784,904
2048 *	787,350
2049 *	789,571
2050 *	791,464
2051 *	793,283
2052 *	794,906
2053 *	796,237
2054 *	797,493
2055 *	798,658
2056 *	799,412
2057 *	799,812
2058 *	800,205
2059 *	800,515
2060 *	800,675
2061 *	800,796
2062 *	800,771
2063 *	800,536
2064 *	800,258
2065 *	799,938
2066 *	799,551
2067 *	799,018
2068 *	798,328
2069 *	797,480
2070 *	796,328
2071 *	795,146
2072 *	793,929
2073 *	792,530
2074 *	791,182
2075 *	789,866
2076 *	788,498
2077 *	787,038
2078 *	785,565
2079 *	784,037
2080 *	782,395
2081 *	780,657
2082 *	778,774
2083 *	777,016
2084 *	775,302
2085 *	773,446
2086 *	771,558
2087 *	769,638
2088 *	767,782
2089 *	766,050
2090 *	764,384
2091 *	762,658
2092 *	761,034
2093 *	759,532
2094 *	757,956
2095 *	756,502
2096 *	755,032
2097 *	753,307
2098 *	751,533
2099 *	749,774
2100 *	747,990

* UN projection

Population of Luxembourg by year

436 thousand in 2000, 687 thousand in 2026. Every year for the last decade, then every five years to 1950. * UN projection; earlier years are UN estimates.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2026*	687,448	+1.03%	+6,994	+4,938	39.7	1.41	265	95%	0.01%	169
2025*	680,454	+1.10%	+7,418	+5,237	39.5	1.40	263	95%	0.01%	169
2024*	673,036	+1.19%	+7,938	+5,677	39.2	1.40	260	95%	0.01%	169
2023	665,098	+1.80%	+11,786	+5,905	38.9	1.40	257	95%	0.01%	169
2022	653,312	+2.04%	+13,038	+13,194	38.7	1.39	252	95%	0.01%	169
2021	640,274	+1.53%	+9,677	+8,724	38.7	1.38	247	95%	0.01%	169
2020	630,597	+1.68%	+10,434	+6,967	38.6	1.36	243	94%	0.01%	169
2019	620,163	+1.98%	+12,062	+10,503	38.5	1.34	239	93%	0.01%	169
2018	608,101	+1.95%	+11,605	+10,145	38.5	1.38	235	93%	0.01%	170
2017	596,496	+2.23%	+12,990	+9,643	38.4	1.39	230	92%	0.01%	170
2016	583,506	+2.45%	+13,970	+12,760	38.3	1.41	225	92%	0.01%	171
2015	569,536	+2.38%	+13,257	+11,377	38.3	1.46	220	91%	0.01%	171
2010	507,410	+1.85%	+9,223	+7,909	38.0	1.62	196	89%	0.01%	172
2005	465,364	+1.54%	+7,068	+6,310	37.2	1.63	180	86%	0.01%	172
2000	436,132	+1.45%	+6,235	+4,516	36.2	1.76	168	84%	0.01%	172
1995	408,227	+1.40%	+5,637	+4,385	35.7	1.71	158	82%	0.01%	171
1990	381,700	+1.15%	+4,322	+3,992	35.3	1.60	147	81%	0.01%	170
1985	366,661	+0.21%	+764	+1,067	34.8	1.39	142	81%	0.01%	168
1980	363,705	+0.22%	+811	+840	33.9	1.50	140	80%	0.01%	164
1975	353,680	+0.64%	+2,254	+2,794	34.0	1.56	137	78%	0.01%	164
1970	339,332	+0.32%	+1,069	+853	34.3	1.97	131	74%	0.01%	162
1965	329,702	+1.06%	+3,470	+2,203	34.2	2.40	127	72%	0.01%	161
1960	313,878	+0.59%	+1,844	+61	34.1	2.28	121	70%	0.01%	161
1955	305,312	+0.60%	+1,831	+434	34.0	2.16	118	68%	0.01%	160
1950	296,570	–	–	+820	33.9	1.96	114	67%	0.01%	158

Population forecast for Luxembourg

UN medium-variant projection: 791 thousand in 2050 (+15.1% from 2026), 748 thousand in 2100.

Year	Population	Yearly change	Net migrants	Median age	Fertility	Density (km²)	Urban	World share	World rank
2030	713,667	+0.86%	+4,464	40.9	1.43	276	95%	0.01%	169
2035	740,628	+0.68%	+4,242	42.5	1.45	286	95%	0.01%	168
2040	762,673	+0.53%	+3,655	44.0	1.46	294	95%	0.01%	168
2045	779,539	+0.39%	+3,303	45.2	1.47	301	95%	0.01%	168
2050	791,464	+0.24%	+2,736	45.6	1.48	306	95%	0.01%	168
2060	800,675	+0.02%	+2,207	46.5	1.50	309	–	0.01%	169
2070	796,328	−0.14%	+1,572	47.3	1.52	307	–	0.01%	170
2080	782,395	−0.21%	+1,682	48.1	1.52	302	–	0.01%	170
2090	764,384	−0.22%	+1,340	48.2	1.53	295	–	0.01%	169
2100	747,990	−0.24%	+863	48.9	1.54	289	–	0.01%	170

Largest cities in Luxembourg

City proper, not the wider metro area; latest figure in GeoNames cities15000 (CC BY 4.0), so years differ by city. Largest cities in the world

#	City	Region	Population
1	Luxembourg (capital)	Luxembourg	76,684
2	Esch-sur-Alzette	Esch-sur-Alzette	36,625
3	Dudelange	Esch-sur-Alzette	18,013

Age structure

Median age 39.7. 16.2% are 65 or older, 26.0% by 2050; 15.7% are under 15.

Luxembourg, 2026 Men 2026 Women 2026 2050 (projection)

Share of the total population in each age group (%)

Births per woman

1.41 in 2026; about 2.1 keeps a population stable without migration. Below 2.1 since 1969.

UN estimate
UN projection

1.5 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Fertility rate
1950	1.96
1951	1.99
1952	2.13
1953	2.13
1954	2.18
1955	2.16
1956	2.10
1957	2.16
1958	2.17
1959	2.21
1960	2.28
1961	2.33
1962	2.34
1963	2.32
1964	2.36
1965	2.40
1966	2.35
1967	2.24
1968	2.12
1969	2.02
1970	1.97
1971	1.95
1972	1.75
1973	1.58
1974	1.59
1975	1.56
1976	1.50
1977	1.51
1978	1.49
1979	1.48
1980	1.50
1981	1.55
1982	1.49
1983	1.44
1984	1.42
1985	1.39
1986	1.43
1987	1.41
1988	1.51
1989	1.53
1990	1.60
1991	1.61
1992	1.65
1993	1.71
1994	1.73
1995	1.71
1996	1.77
1997	1.72
1998	1.69
1999	1.74
2000	1.76
2001	1.66
2002	1.63
2003	1.62
2004	1.66
2005	1.63
2006	1.65
2007	1.61
2008	1.61
2009	1.59
2010	1.62
2011	1.53
2012	1.57
2013	1.55
2014	1.50
2015	1.46
2016	1.41
2017	1.39
2018	1.38
2019	1.34
2020	1.36
2021	1.38
2022	1.39
2023	1.40
2024 *	1.40
2025 *	1.40
2026 *	1.41
2027 *	1.42
2028 *	1.42
2029 *	1.43
2030 *	1.43
2031 *	1.44
2032 *	1.44
2033 *	1.44
2034 *	1.45
2035 *	1.45
2036 *	1.45
2037 *	1.45
2038 *	1.45
2039 *	1.46
2040 *	1.46
2041 *	1.46
2042 *	1.46
2043 *	1.47
2044 *	1.47
2045 *	1.47
2046 *	1.47
2047 *	1.48
2048 *	1.48
2049 *	1.48
2050 *	1.48
2051 *	1.48
2052 *	1.49
2053 *	1.49
2054 *	1.49
2055 *	1.49
2056 *	1.49
2057 *	1.50
2058 *	1.50
2059 *	1.50
2060 *	1.50
2061 *	1.50
2062 *	1.50
2063 *	1.51
2064 *	1.51
2065 *	1.51
2066 *	1.51
2067 *	1.51
2068 *	1.51
2069 *	1.51
2070 *	1.52
2071 *	1.52
2072 *	1.52
2073 *	1.52
2074 *	1.52
2075 *	1.52
2076 *	1.52
2077 *	1.52
2078 *	1.52
2079 *	1.52
2080 *	1.52
2081 *	1.52
2082 *	1.52
2083 *	1.52
2084 *	1.52
2085 *	1.52
2086 *	1.52
2087 *	1.53
2088 *	1.53
2089 *	1.53
2090 *	1.53
2091 *	1.53
2092 *	1.53
2093 *	1.53
2094 *	1.53
2095 *	1.53
2096 *	1.53
2097 *	1.53
2098 *	1.54
2099 *	1.54
2100 *	1.54

* UN projection

Births and deaths each year

Deaths are projected to outnumber births from 2042.

Births
Deaths
UN estimate
UN projection

6k8.7k 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	Births	Deaths
1950	4,381	3,647
1951	4,488	3,552
1952	4,834	3,589
1953	4,864	3,671
1954	4,998	3,572
1955	4,962	3,624
1956	4,807	3,691
1957	4,899	3,853
1958	4,889	3,548
1959	4,942	3,605
1960	5,047	3,668
1961	5,109	3,596
1962	5,124	4,007
1963	5,087	3,902
1964	5,183	3,844
1965	5,262	4,045
1966	5,163	4,063
1967	4,944	4,139
1968	4,685	4,119
1969	4,473	4,205
1970	4,380	4,191
1971	4,349	4,415
1972	4,028	4,146
1973	3,778	4,224
1974	3,862	4,366
1975	3,895	4,399
1976	3,838	4,550
1977	3,965	4,136
1978	4,016	4,226
1979	4,084	4,010
1980	4,190	4,154
1981	4,393	4,156
1982	4,280	4,152
1983	4,183	4,150
1984	4,182	4,112
1985	4,104	4,062
1986	4,270	4,025
1987	4,251	4,050
1988	4,579	3,908
1989	4,656	4,049
1990	4,899	3,846
1991	4,954	3,826
1992	5,100	4,097
1993	5,300	3,988
1994	5,398	3,886
1995	5,373	3,902
1996	5,615	3,976
1997	5,456	4,022
1998	5,348	3,995
1999	5,502	3,906
2000	5,564	3,871
2001	5,418	3,806
2002	5,311	3,833
2003	5,240	4,166
2004	5,381	3,684
2005	5,291	3,731
2006	5,427	3,861
2007	5,387	3,941
2008	5,477	3,683
2009	5,550	3,770
2010	5,757	3,857
2011	5,524	3,910
2012	5,905	3,987
2013	5,996	3,912
2014	5,955	3,932
2015	5,992	4,092
2016	5,967	4,071
2017	6,058	4,382
2018	6,153	4,409
2019	6,138	4,408
2020	6,389	4,715
2021	6,581	4,593
2022	6,716	4,545
2023	6,946	4,642
2024 *	6,941	4,956
2025 *	6,948	5,009
2026 *	6,943	5,061
2027 *	6,913	5,120
2028 *	6,870	5,180
2029 *	6,815	5,250
2030 *	6,742	5,322
2031 *	6,674	5,401
2032 *	6,600	5,482
2033 *	6,542	5,578
2034 *	6,501	5,676
2035 *	6,472	5,772
2036 *	6,459	5,887
2037 *	6,461	6,003
2038 *	6,463	6,124
2039 *	6,504	6,260
2040 *	6,543	6,395
2041 *	6,585	6,520
2042 *	6,633	6,667
2043 *	6,687	6,812
2044 *	6,730	6,964
2045 *	6,766	7,108
2046 *	6,803	7,268
2047 *	6,834	7,413
2048 *	6,853	7,568
2049 *	6,883	7,721
2050 *	6,895	7,862
2051 *	6,904	8,008
2052 *	6,910	8,155
2053 *	6,920	8,274
2054 *	6,921	8,408
2055 *	6,930	8,528
2056 *	6,928	8,627
2057 *	6,909	8,724
2058 *	6,886	8,821
2059 *	6,867	8,887
2060 *	6,845	8,961
2061 *	6,818	9,028
2062 *	6,782	9,093
2063 *	6,741	9,136
2064 *	6,714	9,186
2065 *	6,677	9,228
2066 *	6,643	9,269
2067 *	6,608	9,309
2068 *	6,575	9,356
2069 *	6,545	9,404
2070 *	6,523	9,436
2071 *	6,496	9,482
2072 *	6,481	9,529
2073 *	6,476	9,576
2074 *	6,471	9,622
2075 *	6,465	9,660
2076 *	6,463	9,701
2077 *	6,459	9,731
2078 *	6,464	9,761
2079 *	6,467	9,784
2080 *	6,461	9,798
2081 *	6,448	9,782
2082 *	6,442	9,778
2083 *	6,435	9,763
2084 *	6,437	9,727
2085 *	6,423	9,691
2086 *	6,416	9,643
2087 *	6,399	9,565
2088 *	6,376	9,480
2089 *	6,350	9,400
2090 *	6,330	9,325
2091 *	6,318	9,232
2092 *	6,287	9,148
2093 *	6,262	9,062
2094 *	6,227	8,981
2095 *	6,201	8,898
2096 *	6,176	8,843
2097 *	6,144	8,789
2098 *	6,110	8,739
2099 *	6,077	8,701
2100 *	6,044	8,685

* UN projection

Economy of Luxembourg

GDP by country →

GDP 2026: $108 billion 80th largest economy
GDP per person: $155,733 US$, market rates
GDP per person (PPP): Int$ 156,638 at purchasing power parity
Economic growth: +1.1% real GDP
Inflation: 3.0% consumer prices
Unemployment: 6.4% of the labour force
Government debt: 28.5% of GDP
Share of world GDP: 0.1%

IMF estimate
IMF projection

132B 2026

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	GDP, US$
1990	12,628,000,000
1991	13,683,000,000
1992	15,328,000,000
1993	15,714,000,000
1994	17,487,000,000
1995	20,571,000,000
1996	20,464,000,000
1997	18,428,000,000
1998	19,263,000,000
1999	21,089,000,000
2000	21,240,000,000
2001	21,388,000,000
2002	23,633,000,000
2003	29,660,000,000
2004	35,049,000,000
2005	37,693,000,000
2006	42,912,000,000
2007	51,593,000,000
2008	58,838,000,000
2009	54,408,000,000
2010	56,260,000,000
2011	61,685,000,000
2012	59,814,000,000
2013	65,204,000,000
2014	68,823,000,000
2015	60,078,000,000
2016	62,200,000,000
2017	65,689,000,000
2018	71,118,000,000
2019	69,880,000,000
2020	73,612,000,000
2021	86,444,000,000
2022	80,865,000,000
2023	88,814,000,000
2024	93,252,000,000
2025	101,100,000,000
2026 *	108,330,000,000
2027 *	112,721,000,000
2028 *	117,104,000,000
2029 *	121,956,000,000
2030 *	127,009,000,000
2031 *	131,850,000,000

* IMF projection

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026). 2026 and later are IMF projections. GDP per capita by country · Richest countries

CO₂ emissions of Luxembourg

CO₂ by country →

CO₂ emissions 2024: 7 million tonnes 124th largest emitter
Per person: 10.5 t world: 4.73 t
Share of world CO₂: 0.02% 0.01% of its people
Change since 1990: −40% −42% since 2005

7.0 2024

› Show the numbers as a table

Year	CO₂, million tonnes
1950	7.43
1951	9.02
1952	9.41
1953	8.66
1954	8.79
1955	9.90
1956	10.38
1957	10.85
1958	10.09
1959	10.43
1960	11.52
1961	11.59
1962	11.55
1963	11.45
1964	12.31
1965	12.20
1966	11.62
1967	11.36
1968	12.27
1969	13.19
1970	13.74
1971	13.20
1972	13.50
1973	14.18
1974	14.43
1975	11.87
1976	11.87
1977	10.96
1978	11.88
1979	12.16
1980	11.08
1981	9.49
1982	8.93
1983	8.37
1984	9.01
1985	9.24
1986	9.12
1987	8.81
1988	9.10
1989	9.85
1990	11.81
1991	12.42
1992	12.19
1993	12.34
1994	11.52
1995	9.13
1996	9.19
1997	8.55
1998	7.66
1999	8.12
2000	8.70
2001	9.21
2002	9.98
2003	10.45
2004	11.82
2005	12.08
2006	11.91
2007	11.30
2008	11.17
2009	10.62
2010	11.19
2011	11.09
2012	10.86
2013	10.32
2014	9.81
2015	9.33
2016	9.08
2017	9.25
2018	9.56
2019	9.75
2020	8.07
2021	8.41
2022	7.27
2023	6.84
2024	7.04

By source, 2024

Oil76.8%
Gas17.5%
Cement3.4%
Coal2.1%
Other industry0.1%

Fossil fuels and industry, territorial; Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0). CO₂ per capita by country · Historical emissions

Compare with Europe

Country	Population 2026	Growth	Fertility	Median age
Luxembourg	687 thousand	+0.99%	1.41	39.7
Russia	143 million	−0.23%	1.47	40.7
Germany	83.6 million	−0.23%	1.46	45.7
United Kingdom	69.9 million	+0.52%	1.53	40.2
France	66.7 million	+0.14%	1.64	42.5
Italy	58.9 million	−0.39%	1.22	48.6
Spain	47.9 million	−0.10%	1.24	46.3
Ukraine	39.5 million	−0.74%	1.00	41.8
Poland	37.8 million	−0.38%	1.31	43.0

All 237 countries · Fertility rate by country · Birth rate by country · Median age by country · Life expectancy by country · Population growth rate by country · Population density by country · Largest countries by area · Death rate by country · Infant mortality rate by country · Elderly population by country · Net migration rate by country · Urban population by country · Sex ratio by country

Questions

What is the population of Luxembourg in 2026?

687,448 on 1 July 2026, according to the UN's World Population Prospects 2024 (medium-variant projection). That is 687 thousand people, +1.03% on 2025.

Is Luxembourg's population growing or shrinking?

Growing: 6,994 more people in 2026 than in 2025, with 19 births and 14 deaths a day and net migration of +4,938 a year.

When will Luxembourg's population peak?

In 2061, at about 801 thousand, on the UN's medium projection; 748 thousand by 2100.

What is the fertility rate in Luxembourg?

1.41 births per woman in 2026. A population replaces itself at about 2.1. Luxembourg has been below that since 1969.

How many babies are born in Luxembourg every day?

About 19 a day (7 thousand in 2026), against about 14 deaths a day.

What is the life expectancy in Luxembourg?

82.6 years at birth in 2026: 84.2 for women and 81.1 for men, against a world average of 73.8.

How many men and women live in Luxembourg?

About 346 thousand men and 341 thousand women in 2026, or 101.5 men for every 100 women.

What is the population density of Luxembourg?

265 people per km² of land in 2026, on a total area of 2,586 km². The world average is 64.

What was the population of Luxembourg in 2000?

436,132 (436 thousand), the UN estimate for 1 July 2000. It has grown by 58% since, to 687 thousand in 2026.

What will the population of Luxembourg be in 2050?

About 791 thousand on the UN's medium projection (791,464), +15.1% from 2026; 748 thousand by 2100.

What are the largest cities in Luxembourg?

Luxembourg (77 thousand), Esch-sur-Alzette (37 thousand), Dudelange (18 thousand). Figures are for the city proper, from GeoNames.

What is the GDP of Luxembourg in 2026?

$108 billion at current prices, the 80th largest economy in the world, on the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2026) figures; real growth of +1.1%.

What is Luxembourg's GDP per capita?

$155,733 per person at market exchange rates in 2026, or Int$ 156,638 at purchasing power parity, which adjusts for local prices.

How much CO₂ does Luxembourg emit?

7 million tonnes from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 10.5 t per person and 0.02% of the world total; oil is the largest source (77%).

Source and method

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant. Figures for 1950–2023 are UN estimates; later years are the medium-variant projection, which assumes fertility, mortality and migration follow their most likely paths. National statistics offices publish their own counts, which can differ. Reuse under CC BY 3.0 IGO. How we use the data.